In 1962 Clark and Lyons pioneered the concept of a biosensor. They p- posed immobilizing enzymes at electrochemical detectors to form "enzyme el- trodes" in order to expand the analyte range of ther base sensor. Smce then, the field of blosensors has greatly expanded. Some of the reasons for the expansion include both advances in signal transduction technologies and the incorporation of different biological sensing elements (Table 1). As a consequence, there are now a bewildering array of permutations of the biological sensing element and signal transducers that can be used to c- struct a...

The frequency of reports concemmg the interface of biological reco- tion elements to signal transduction technologies has risen dramatically over the last decade. Because any one of a wide variety of biological recognition elements (e. g., antibodies, receptors, DNA, microorganisms, or enzymes) can theoretically be interfaced with any one of a wide variety of signal transducers (e. g., optical, electrochemical, thermal, or acoustic), the potential range of devices and techniques can be bewildering. The purpose of this volume and the previous volume in this series is to provide a basic...

In 1962 Clark and Lyons pioneered the concept of a biosensor. They p- posed immobilizing enzymes at electrochemical detectors to form enzyme el- trodes in order to expand the analyte range of ther base sensor. Smce then, the field of blosensors has greatly expanded. Some of the reasons for the expansion include both advances in signal transduction technologies and the incorporation of different biological sensing elements (Table 1). As a consequence, there are now a bewildering array of permutations of the biological sensing element and signal transducers that can be used to c- struct a...

The frequency of reports concemmg the interface of biological reco- tion elements to signal transduction technologies has risen dramatically over the last decade. Because any one of a wide variety of biological recognition elements (e. g., antibodies, receptors, DNA, microorganisms, or enzymes) can theoretically be interfaced with any one of a wide variety of signal transducers (e. g., optical, electrochemical, thermal, or acoustic), the potential range of devices and techniques can be bewildering. The purpose of this volume and the previous volume in this series is to provide a basic...