Based on a detailed analysis of newly declassified documents, this book reveals the full and fascinating story of Anglo-American nuclear relations from 1957 to 1962. This period saw the creation of a close and exclusive relationship of nuclear collaboration between Britain and the United States: an agreement was formed on atomic cooperation, facilities for U.S. nuclear submarines were established in the U.K., and U.S. missiles (including Thor and Polaris) were sold for use in the British strategic submarine force. Ian Clark argues that this partnership, though special, was fraught with...

What changed with the end of the Cold War? This book traces the main effects on Europe, Pacific Asia, the Middle East, and on important issues such as arms control. It considers the major continents in the global economy, their patterns of security, and liberal human rights, providing the first comprehensive overview of the nature of the post-Cold War order--which should be understood as a kind of peace settlement. Clark brings a clear historical perspective to existing debates on the topic, looking at detailed studies of the settlement and exploring the nature of the 'peace.' He also...

As we approach the end of the twentieth century, a widespread interest in globalization is thought to be changing all economic, political, and cultural life. Ian Clark takes globalization--and its opposite, fragmentation--as the organizing theme for a grand retrospective of twentieth century international history. He argues that both globalization and fragmentation have ebbed and flowed throughout the century, governed by its great formative events: westernization, the two World Wars, the depression, and the rise and fall of the cold war. Globalization and Fragmentation sets out a...

Policy makers and publics alike regularly debate the legitimacy of international events, such as the war on terror, or war in Iraq. But what exactly does legitimacy mean in an international setting? This major new work provides the first historically and theoretically grounded analysis of this critical issue in contemporary society. Drawing on both historical and recent events, Clark provides a lucid demonstration of how legitimacy is a highly political condition, related in complex ways to consensus, other values, and balances of power.

The conventional view of international society is that it is interested only in co-existence and order amongst states. This creates a puzzle. When the historical record is examined, we discover that international society has repeatedly signed up to normative principles that go well beyond this purpose. When it has done so, it has built new normative constraints into international legitimacy, and this is most conspicuously so when it has espoused broadly humanitarian principles. This suggests that the norms adopted by international society might be encouraged from the distinct constituency of...

Drawing on a tripartite taxonomy first suggested by the so-called English School of International Relations of a Hobbesian tradition of power politics, a Grotian tradition of concern with the rules that govern relations between states; and a Kantian tradition of thinking which transcends the existence of the states system, this book discusses the thinking of central political theorists about the modern states system. Thinkers covered are Hobbes, Grotius, Kant, Vitoria, Rousseau, Smith, Burke, Hegel, Gentz and Vattel.

Combining a detailed examination of theory with a full and up-to-date account of historical development, this study analyzes the nature of the international order--the hierarchical state system--and explores its potential for reform. The theoretical account is given tracing two traditions of thought in the writings of Kant and Rousseau, while the historical survey explores the evolution of international organizations since 1815, covering such aspects as concert diplomacy, alliance systems, international organizations, and such internal understandings as nuclear deterrence, crisis management,...

Combining a detailed examination of theory with a full and up-to-date account of historical development, this study analyzes the nature of the international order--the hierarchical state system--and explores its potential for reform. The theoretical account is given tracing two traditions of thought in the writings of Kant and Rousseau, while the historical survey explores the evolution of international organizations since 1815, covering such aspects as concert diplomacy, alliance systems, international organizations, and such internal understandings as nuclear deterrence, crisis management,...

Why did Britain decide in 1947 to build an atomic bomb? What plans were there for using it? Employing the previously inaccessible confidential records of the British government in the decade after World War II, including those of the Chiefs of Staff, this book provides the first detailed assessment of the technical, political, and economic factors behind British nuclear policy. The authors argue that British thinking on nuclear deterrence was distinctive and made a unique contribution to early theorizing on nuclear weapons, and compare the strategic thought of Britain and the United...

This clearly written and accessible book argues for a fruitful engagement between globalization and international relations (IR). It uses its distinctive account of globalization to address a wide range of issues in IR theory: sovereignty; the state's role in economic management and security provision; and the nature of community and the viability of democracy.