Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 131 (1989), No. 4

Tectonic processes occurring in shallow subduction zones around the world generate the majority of large, damaging earthquakes. Last decade brought more understanding of these processes, showing however, their complexity and diversity from place to place. A full understanding of the seismotectonics of shallow subduction zones is yet to be achieved, however the ambitious goal of forecasting at least the largest of earthquakes is certainly worth pursuing. The present volume reports the most recent research in this field and includes theoretical as well as observational works concerning...

Evolutionary ecology includes community structure, trophic interactions, life-history tactics, and reproductive modes, analyzed from an evolutionary perspective. Freshwater environments impose spatial structures on populations, facilitating genetic and phenotypic divergence. Freshwater systems have often featured in ecological research and population biology. This text contains information on diverse freshwater taxa, with a mix of critical review, synthesis, and case studies. Examples from the bryozoans (now the ectoprocta), rotifers, cladocerans, molluscs, teleosts, and others, are studied...

ing within the downgoing plate, and appears to be assoeiated with segmentation of the subdueting plate produeed by forees related to the subduetion of the Louisville Ridge. To analyze fault plane heterogeneities in the northern Solomon Islands subdue tion segment and their association with rupture eharaeteristics in general and the existenee of earthquake doublets in partieular, Xv and SCHWARTZ study in detail two sets of doublets, from 1974 and 1975, and then reloeate 85 underthrusting events in the area. The authors find that few smaller magnitude events overlap asperity regions, and that...

This is volume I of the two-volume special issue Scattering and Attenuation of Seismic Waves which will contain total 17 invited review papers and about 30 c- tributed papers. The scope and contents of the special issue are described in the following Introduction. This volume includes 21 contributed papers arranged in the following order: Scattering theory and modeling including the scattering attenuation and its separation from the intrinsic attenuation; numerical method and simulation; field observation including coda Q and surface wave Q measurement; inversion; laboratory attenuation...

PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing...

This text includes coverage of the following topics: stress-induced crack path in Aji granite under tensile stress; relation of fracture resistance to fabric for granitic rocks; and the mechanisms of finite brittle strain.

Knowledge of the relation between sonic velocity in sediments and rock lithology is one of the keys to interpreting data from seismic sections or from acoustic logs of sedimentary sequences. Reliable correlations of rock velocity with other petrophysical parameters, such as porosity or density, are essential for calculating impedance models for synthetic seismic sections (BIDDLE et al., 1992; CAMPBELL and STAFLEU, 1992) or identifying the origin of reflectivity on seismic lines (SELLAMI et al., 1990; CHRISTENSEN and SZYMANSKI, 1991). Velocity is thus an important parameter for correlating...