Evolutionary ecology includes community structure, trophic interactions, life-history tactics, and reproductive modes, analyzed from an evolutionary perspective. Freshwater environments impose spatial structures on populations, facilitating genetic and phenotypic divergence. Freshwater systems have often featured in ecological research and population biology. This text contains information on diverse freshwater taxa, with a mix of critical review, synthesis, and case studies. Examples from the bryozoans (now the ectoprocta), rotifers, cladocerans, molluscs, teleosts, and others, are studied...