This book, intended for advanced graduate students of metallurgy, explains what happens in the critical period between extractive metallurgy and solidification and subsequent processing. An important point the book stresses is that the principles are the same in the treatment of various different metals. Someone concerned with the purification of one metal may learn from results and experiences gained on other metals and alloys. The specifics of metals such as iron and steel, aluminium, and copper are discussed in examples and in problems at the end of each chapter. The book is self-contained...

Due to unusually high operating temperatures, intense radiation, viscous slags, dense metals, and other factors, the design and operation of metallurgical processes is an especially demanding task. This volume describes the engineering principles involved in this industry, beginning with an introduction to the basic mechanisms of heat, mass, and fluid flow, while showing the origin of associated transport coefficients: diffusivity, conductivity, and viscosity. The discussions are supplemented with examples and exercises. Empirical techniques for modelling and process design are presented,...

This book offers a simplified physical treatment of the kinetic theory of gases and magnetoplasmas. The text uses mean-free-path arguments when applicable and identifies problem areas where existing theory has either failed or has fallen short of expectations. Examples are provided by strong shock waves, ultrasonic waves (high Knudsen numbers), and transport across strong magnetic fields. The text pays particular attention to pressure, explaining the importance of allowing for its collisional nature from the outset in developing kinetic theory. In traditional theory, pressure is defined as a...

The ultrasonic motor, invented in 1980, utilizes the piezoelectric effect in the ultrasonic frequency range to provide its motive force, resulting in a motor with unusually good low-speed, high-torque and power-to-weight characteristics. This introduction to the general theory of the ultrasonic motor was written by the motor's inventor and an expert in conventional electric motors. It details many of the motor's applications, including those in camera autofocus mechanisms, medical equipment subject to high magnetic fields, and motorized car accessories. Electrical and electronic research...

The Art of Computerized Measurement makes life easier for anyone developing computerized experiments. It draws upon the author's specialized experience in experimental physics to provide useful information that helps scientists and engineers find their way through many topics associated with computerized measurement. Topics include detectors and sensors; analogue input and output hardware; data formats and files; planning and testing; and display analysis and printing. The book describes software in an easy-to-understand way, with lots of examples, and it includes Windows programming in its...

This book provides an introduction to the classical, quantum and symmetry aspects of multipole theory, demonstrating the successes of the theory and also its unphysical aspects. It presents a transformation theory, which removes these unphysical properties. The book will be of interest to physics students wishing to advance their knowledge of multipole theory, and also a useful reference work for molecular and optical physicists, theoretical chemists working on multipole effects, solid state physicists studying the effects of electromagnetic fields on condensed matter, engineers and applied...

This book has been written for those who study or professionally deal with solid state physics. It contains modern concepts about the physics of electrons in solids. It is written using a minimum of mathematics. The emphasis is laid on various physical models aimed at stimulating creative thinking. The book helps the reader choose the most efficient scheme of an experiment or the optimal algorithm of a calculation. Boltzmann and hopping types of conductivity are compared. The qualitative theory of weak localization is presented and its links with the true localization and metal-insulator...

The threespine stickleback is a small fish of temperate coastal and fresh waters that exhibits extraordinary phenotypic diversity. Benefiting from its amenability to observation in the field and manipulation in the laboratory, Niko Tinbergen pioneered the threespine stickleback's use in behavioral studies and established it as a model system in ethology. This up-to-date volume incorporates reviews from active researchers who use studies of the fish to address a broad variety of evolutionary issues, including optimal foraging, armor variation, speciation, and the endocrine basis for correlated...

This book, the first on the subject of permanent magnet DC linear motors, provides a comprehensive treatment of these devices, covering theory, construction, design, control and analysis, and applications. It collates all available information on the subject from over the last 25 years, and it will be invaluable to electrical and mechanical engineers as well as post-graduates and students in these fields.

Numerical methods provide a powerful and essential tool for the solution of problems of water resources. This book gives an elementary introduction to the methods in current use. Their application to surface and subsurface flow and to water quality modelling are described in this useful volume, which contains many helpful references to the literature.