While the emergence and evolution of solar surface magnetic flux reveals what goes on in the solar interior, the interplay of convection and magnetic field in the photosphere regulates the field dispersal and drives the instabilities which heat the outer solar atmosphere. This book presents a synthesis between observers and theorists, both with regard to the magnetic elements which make up solar magnetic fields (ranging from tiny flux tubes to whole active regions), and to the surface patterns in which these elements display properties of the subsurface dynamo.

The intensive exchange between mathematicians and users has led in recent years to a rapid development of stochastic analysis. Of the users, the physicists form perhaps the most important group, giving direction to the mathematicians' research and providing a source of intuition. White noise analysis has emerged as a viable framework for stochastic and infinite dimensional analysis. Another growth area is the theory of stochastic partial differential equations. Gauge field theories are attracting increasing attention. Dirichlet forms provide a fruitful link between the mathematics of Markov...

In 1987 the Swedish National Board for Technical Development (STU, later becoming the Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical Development, NUTEK) initiated a study of Sweden's Technological Systems and Future Development Potential. A comprehensive, interdisciplinary study was envisioned, yielding not only useful insight but also a permanent competence base for future analyses of technological systems and technology policy in Sweden. Three leading Swedish research institutes were invited to participate: the Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research in Stockholm, the...

This text provides an overview of root biology, ranging from studies at the molecular, genetic and cellular levels to a level that puts the root within the context of whole-plant studies.

Interstellar and solar system solids are different stages of the same materials. In this book, the sources and evolution of circumstellar dust, interstellar dust, comets, meteorites and interplanetary dust are carefully discussed in the context of their interrelations.

The papers in this volume are offered in celebration of the 200th anni versary of the pub 1 i cat i on of Inmanue 1 Kant's The MetaphysicaL Foundations of NatupaL Science. All of the es- says (including the Introduction) save two were written espe- ci ally for thi s volume. Gernot Bohme' s paper is an amended and enlarged version of one originally read in the series of lectures and colloquia in philosophy of science offered by Boston University. My own paper is a revised and enlarged version (with an appendix containing completely new material) of one read at the biennial meeting of the...

This volume provides an account of the current state of the theory of combinatory spaces and discusses various applications. Here the term combinatory space can be regarded as a system for functional programming and bears no close connection with combinatory logic.

The demand for safety in modern industrial processes has come to involve an increasing demand for teleoperated devices in order to avoid the exposure of humans to hazardous conditions during the operation, maintenance under normal or abnormal conditions and decommissioning of equipment after its useful lifetime has terminated.