In this handbook the requirements of a specimen for both imaging and analysis are discussed first. The methods by which sheets of disc specimens can be prepared and final thinning techniques (electropolishing and ion beam thinning) are described with particular reference to the practical problems which are likely to be encountered. The procedures for the preparation of replicas (mainly extraction) and the methods of mounting specimens in the transmission electron microscope are described. The handbook also guides the reader to the most appropriate choice of specimen preparation method and...

Autoradiography is the localization within a solid specimen of a radiolabel by placing the specimen against a layer of detector material. Many types of specimen can be studied, from whole organisms to ultra-this cryosections. Indeed, rather than being a single technique, autoradiography is a collection of methods with certain features in common. Between them, these techniques can supply information at the macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural levels, and their use is important to biological scientists in a variety of research areas. In this handbook, the author provides a...

This text describes the interactions of light and the specimen in the microscope in relation to the manner in which they are used to generate contrast in the image of a specimen. Chapters cover bright-field and dark-ground techniques for both transmitted and reflected light, as well as the effects of the refractive index of the mounting medium surrounding the specimen. Subsequent chapters deal with the use of polarized light, phase and modulation contrast, interference and fluorescence and contrast technique outside the microscope.

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) is a high resolution technique used for the analysis of thin samples of material. The technique is used in many modern transmission electron microscopes to characterise materials. This book provides an up-to-date introduction to the principles and applications of EELS. Specific topics covered include, theory of EELS, elemental quantification, EELS fine structure, EELS imaging and advanced techniques.