This book is the first to cover all aspects of using ammonia for energy - from production to last use. The book explains the fundamentals and basic concepts about hydrogen and ammonia before examining their production methods. Then it covers ammonia production and storage techniques. Furthermore, the book contains case studies that demonstrate the use of ammonia technology. Ammonia energy systems are explained, and the technologies and methods used with them are explained with illustrative examples. Finally, the book lays out future directions in the development of ammonia energy systems. It...

The tropical zones are dominated by developing countries, which mainly face problematic environmental issues. Different than four-season countries, tropical countries have a continuous summer-like season and therefore they are rich in clean energy sources like solar and biomass. Hence, the mitigations of environment and energy issues in the tropics would require specific understanding and different approach to solutions. This book offers an assortment of studies on scenarios of environment as well as energy demand and power generation technologies in the tropics. Many of the countries within...

This open access book introduces and explains machine learning (ML) algorithms and techniques developed for statistical inferences on a complex process or system and their applications to simulations of chemically reacting turbulent flows.These two fields, ML and turbulent combustion, have large body of work and knowledge on their own, and this book brings them together and explain the complexities and challenges involved in applying ML techniques to simulate and study reacting flows.  This is important as to the world’s total primary energy supply (TPES), since more than 90% of this...

This open access book introduces and explains machine learning (ML) algorithms and techniques developed for statistical inferences on a complex process or system and their applications to simulations of chemically reacting turbulent flows.These two fields, ML and turbulent combustion, have large body of work and knowledge on their own, and this book brings them together and explain the complexities and challenges involved in applying ML techniques to simulate and study reacting flows.  This is important as to the world’s total primary energy supply (TPES), since more than 90% of this...

This textbook explains the main economic mechanisms behind energy markets and assesses how governments can implement policies to improve these markets’ performance. Adopting a microeconomic perspective, it systematically analyses the various types of market failures on the electricity and gas markets as well as coal, oil, hydrogen and heat markets in order to identify government policies that can improve welfare. Critical factors in this regard include the natural monopoly and the public-goods character of energy infrastructures; market power structures resulting from inflexibility of...

This book presents trading in local energy markets and communities. It covers electrical, business, economics, telecommunication, information technology (IT), environment, building, industrial, and computer science and examines the intersections of these areas with these markets and communities. Additionally, it delivers an vision for local trading and communities in smart cities. Since it also lays out concepts, structures, and technologies in a variety of applications intertwined with future smart cities, readers running businesses of all types will find material of use in the book....

This book introduces novel approaches and practical examples  of autonomous nuclear power plants that minimize operator intervention.Autonomous nuclear power plants with artificial intelligence presents a framework to enable nuclear power plants to autonomously operate and introduces artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to implement its functions. Although nuclear power plants are already highly automated to reduce human errors and guarantee the reliability of system operations, the term “autonomous” is still not popular because AI techniques are regarded as less proven technologies....

This book explores the potential of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) in the field of hydrogen production. It describes this technology in detail, including fundamentals, state-of-the-art the technology, materials development, current limitations, recent trends and industrial applications. It clarifies SOECs role in decarbonizing the energy sector, drawing on contributions from experts in the field.

This book covers the fundamentals and applications of carbon dioxide vapor compression refrigeration thermodynamic cycles. In particular, it presents new application areas, such as making ice and snow in the Winter Olympic Games, food cooling and refrigeration. The book explores the physical and chemical characteristics of CO2 fluid, and the unique traits of its thermodynamic cycle. The contributors explain how CO2 refrigeration is a developing, eco-friendly technology, and emphasize its importance for refrigeration and air-conditioning in the current and future market.This book is a valuable...

This book describes how equipping buildings with smart meters is essential to improve the prediction of energy costs within smart grids and to help end-users optimize their energy consumption. The book reports on the results of the European Upper Rhine INTERREG project SMI (www.smi.uha.fr), which connects artificial intelligence and micro-societal analysis. It is multidisciplinary and addresses the following aspects: social, legal, environmental, and technical.One of the critical factors for the transition to clean energy is the flexibility of the power grid. A flexible grid requires a...