In the early 20th century, the audience was seen as a mass of people, mostly unknown to one another, that was unified through exposure to media. This concept is now accepted. This book looks into the meaning of audience. Media scholars have qustioned the utility of the mass audience concept, characterizing it as insensitive to differences among audience members, arguing that it serves only a narrow set of industrial interests. The authors of this volume offer the opinion that these assertions are often false and unwarranted either by the historical record or by contemporary industrial...

In Constructing the Beginning, Simon Locke offers a new approach to considering the enigma of creation science, using the perspective of discourse analysis. Using the publications of the British Creation Science Movement to perform a detailed analysis of the creationist case, Locke demonstrates that the discourses and rhetorics used by natural and social scientists are also employed by non-scientists. Out of this study, a view of science as a cultural resource develops, questioning the adequacy of perceived sociological wisdom that sees science as the source and emmbodiment of cultural...

This text studies the narrative discourse of 16 patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), and seeks to understand it in contextual terms. It examines ways in which some social factors - audiences, setting and time - influence the extensiveness and meaningfulness of AD talk.

The primary purpose of this revision remains identical to that of the first edition--to show how key personality, cognitive/behavioral, and vocational tests/assessment procedures can be used by counselors in their work with clients. Too often, assessment books only provide the reader with information about tests and assessment procedures. They do not, however, take the next step--showing readers how these tests/assessment procedures can be used and integrated into the actual work of counseling. This revision is designed to fill that void. Chapter authors, all of whom are experts in their...

This book is the first to directly address the question of how to bridge what has been termed the "great divide" between the approaches of systems developers and those of social scientists to computer supported cooperative work--a question that has been vigorously debated in the systems development literature. Traditionally, developers have been trained in formal methods and oriented to engineering and formal theoretical problems; many social scientists in the CSCW field come from humanistic traditions in which results are reported in a narrative mode. In spite of their differences in style,...

Focusing on the agenda-setting function of the news media from an information processing standpoint, this volume examines how individuals expose themselves to news media content and how this content translates into issue salience. It utilizes the individual as the unit of measurement. Many agenda-setting studies have used the issue, rather than the individual, as the unit of measurement. By employing an "agenda-setting susceptibility" index, the book details how individuals who actively process information in the news media are most susceptible to agenda-setting effects. Merging...

In TEACHING THE MEDIA: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES Andrew Hart initiates a challenging dialogue about approaches to Media teaching in the major English-speaking nations of the world, including the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and South Africa. By animating actual lessons and the considered views of classroom practitioners, TEACHING THE MEDIA encourages readers to develop new perspectives on Media teaching, to examine approaches that differ from their own, and to reflect critically on their own practices with a view to understanding them more fully and enhancing their...

This volume addresses some of the central issues of journalism today -- the nature and needs of the individual versus the nature and needs of the broader society; theories of communitarianism versus Enlightenment liberalism; independence versus interdependence (vs. co-dependency); negative versus positive freedoms; Constitutional mandates versus marketplace mandates; universal ethical issues versus situational and/or professional values; traditional values versus information age values; ethics of management versus ethics of worker bees; commitment and compassion versus detachment and...

Exploring the interactions that swirl around scientific uncertainty and its coverage by the mass media, this volume breaks new ground by looking at these issues from three different perspectives: that of communication scholars who have studied uncertainty in a number of ways; that of science journalists who have covered these issues; and that of scientists who have been actively involved in researching uncertain science and talking to reporters about it. In particular, Communicating Uncertainty examines how well the mass media convey to the public the complexities, ambiguities, and...

Based on research focusing on the experience of having confused speech and being with confused speakers, this book begins with everyday, commonly understood ideas such as "talking too much" and examines how confused speech is "brought off" as a collaborative activity by the people involved. The author became involved in this project because she was interested in how "confusion" seemed to be something that everyone is not only involved in but also recognizes as part of ordinary life. At the same time, "confusion" is a word that is used somewhat as a blanket category for some people considered...