During the past four decades knowledge about biological effects of ionizing radiations on mammalian cells, normal tissues and tumours has increased enormously and has enabled radiotherapists to obtain a better insight into the advantages and disadvantages of cancer treatments with modified regimens of irradiations and combinations with chemotherapeutic agents. Even for the older scientists and clinicians who have wit nessed all these developments and have contributed to the vast amount of information, it is difficult to integrate this knowledge and to apply it in their daily work. For younger...

This volume presents the proceedings of the 1990 Advanced Study Institute entitled "Fundamentals of Gas Phase Ion Chemistry" held at Mont Ste. Odile, Alsace, France, 25th June -6th July, 1990. The Institute brought together over 100 physicists, physical and organic chemists working on a wide variety of topics with gas-phase ion chemistry as the common theme. Many different viewpoints, making use of very different experimental and theoretical approaches, were brought to bear on the subject and provided a stimulating and up-to-date account of the subject. Although the Institute was built around...

Intelligent Systems involve a large class of systems which posses human-like capabilities such as learning, observation, perception, interpretation, reasoning under uncertainty, planning in known and unknown environments, decision making, and control action. The field of intelligent systems is actually a new interdisciplinary field which is the outcome of the interaction, cooperation and synergetic merging of classical fields such as system theory, control theory, artificial intelligence, information theory, operational research, soft computing, communications, linguistic theory, and others....

powerful operations on them. An early step in this direction was the development of APl, and more recent examples have been SETl which enables a user to code in terms of mathematical enti- ties such as sets and BDl which allows a user, presumably a businessman, to specify a computation in terms of a series of tabular forms and a series of processing paths through which data flows. The design and implementation of such languages are examined in chapters by P. GOLDBERG. Another extension to traditional methods is made possible by systems designed to automatically handle low level flow-of-...

The continous development of computer technology supported by the VLSI revolution stimulated the research in the field .of multiprocessors systems. The main motivation for the migration of design efforts from conventional architectures towards multiprocessor ones is the possibi I ity to obtain a significant processing power together with the improvement of price/performance, reliability and flexibility figures. Currently, such systems are moving from research laboratories to real field appl ications. Future technological advances and new generations of components are I ikely to further...