Though Wittgenstein wrote on the same subjects that dominate the work of other analytic philosophers -- the nature of logic, the limits of language, the analysis of meaning -- he did so in a peculiarly poetic style that separates his work sharply from that of his peers and makes the question of how to read him particularly pertinent At the root of Wittgenstein's thought, Monk argues, is a determination to resist the scientism characteristic of our age, a determination to insist on the integrity and the autonomy of non-scientific forms of understanding. The kind of understanding we seek in...

Nietzsche's thinking revolves around a new and striking concept of humanity--a humanity that has come to terms with the death of God and practices the art and science of living well, free of the need for metaphysical certainties and moral absolutes. How, then, are we to live? And what do we love Keith Ansell Pearson introduces the reader to Nietzsche's distinctive philosophical style and to the development of his thought. Through a series of close readings of Nietzsche's aphorisms he illuminates some of his best-known but often ill-understood ideas, including eternal recurrence and the...

John Phillips introduces the Marquis de Sade's highly original and thoroughly subversive depiction of human sexuality, and the philosophical and political thinking that underpins it. He shows how, though Sade's work continues to shock, it can also be seen as the logical conclusion of eighteenth-century materialism. As the only writer of his time who dared to put the body at the center of philosophy, Sade has a unique place in the history of modern thought Extracts are taken from the entire range of Sade's literary, philosophical, and personal writings, includingThe 120 Days of Sodom,...

Nicholas Royle conveys the richness and complexity of Shakespeare's work by focusing, above all, on how to read and enjoy short passages and interpret specific words from the plays and poems themselves. Discussing poetry and the question of reading, to the nature of memory and forgetting, to the power of love, Royle covers many of Shakespeare's most prevalent themes. Attention is also given to important aspects of historical context and critical reception and debate, as well as to the effects of different interpretations and different media (stage, film, the Internet, and more). Royle's...

Drawing on passages from a wide range of Marx's writings, and showing the links among them, Osborne refutes the myth of Marx as a reductively economistic thinker. What Marx meant by "materialism," "communism," and the "critique of political economy" was much richer and more original, philosophically, than is generally recognized. With the renewed globalization of capitalism since 1989, Osborne argues, Marx's analyses of the consequences of commodification are more relevant today than ever before Extracts are taken from the full breadth of Marx's writings, includingNotebooks on Epicurean...

Penelope Deutscher discusses extracts from the full range of Derrida's work, includingOf Grammatology, Dissemination, Limited Inc, The Other Heading: Reflections on Europe, Monolinguism of the Other, Given Time, and "Force of Law."

Wrathall pays particular attention to Heidegger's revolutionary analysis of human existence as inextricably shaped by a shared world. This leads to an exploration of Heidegger's views on the banality of public life and the possibility of authentic anticipation of death as a response to that banality. Wrathall reviews Heidegger's scandalous involvement with National Socialism, situating it in the context of Heidegger's views about the movement of world history. He also explains Heidegger's important accounts of truth, art, and language Extracts are taken from Heidegger's magnum opus, Being...

Ridley concentrates on understanding Darwin's most important books, On the Origin of Species and The Descent of Man, but he also examines a sample from one of Darwin's other works on the emotions, as one representative from Darwin's lesser-known works that ranged from flower pollination to coral reefs, from animal domestication to landscaping by earthworms.

To what extent does our social existence determine who we are? What is the meaning of sexuality for human existence? What is the meaning of "old age"? What is a woman? And what, for that matter, is a man? Stella Sandford explores the philosophical basis of Beauvoir's reflections on these and other questions, from her early moral period, through her post-war philosophical crisis, to the astounding polymathic studies of her mature thought. She demonstrates the persistence of the fundamental existential and ethical questions that drove Beauvoir's work and her constant revisions of her own...

Michel Foucault was a twentieth century philosopher of extraordinary talent, a political activist, social theorist, cultural critic and creative historian. The author explores the conceptual tools that Foucault gave us for constructing forms of thinking as well as for smashing old certainties.