The Origin of Species Charles Darwin The origin of turbulence in fluids is a long-standing problem and has been the focus of research for decades due to its great importance in a variety of engineering applications. Furthermore, the study of the origin of turbulence is part of the fundamental physical problem of turbulence description and the philosophical problem of determinism and chaos. At the end of the nineteenth century, Reynolds and Rayleigh conjectured that the reason of the transition of laminar flow to the 'sinuous' state is in- stability which results in amplification of wavy...

This volume contains a collection of papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making held in Ankara, Turkey July 10 14, 2000. This was one of the regular conferences of the International Society on Multiple Criteria Decision Making, which are held at approximately two-year intervals. The Ankara conference had 195 participants from 38 countries. A total of 185 papers were presented at the conference. The title of our volume is MCDM in the New Millennium. The papers presented at the conference reflect the theme. We had several papers on information...

Fluids, play an important role in environmental systems, appearing as surface water in rivers, lakes, and coastal regions or in the subsurface as well as in the atmosphere. Mechanics of environmental fluids is concerned with fluid motion, associated mass and heat transport in addition to deformation processes in subsurface systems. In this textbook the fundamental modelling approaches based on continuum mechanics for fluids in the environment are described, including porous media and turbulence. Numerical methods for solving the process governing equations and its object-oriented computer...

Many physical systems require the description of mechanical interaction across interfaces if they are to be successfully analyzed. Examples in the engineered world range from the design of prosthetics in biomedical engi neering (e. g., hip replacements); to characterization of the response and durability of head/disk interfaces in computer magnetic storage devices; to development of pneumatic tires with better handling characteristics and increased longevity in automotive engineering; to description of the adhe sion and/or relative slip between concrete and reinforcing steel in structural...

The topology optimization method solves the basic enginee- ring problem of distributing a limited amount of material in a design space. The first edition of this book has become the standard text on optimal design which is concerned with the optimization of structural topology, shape and material. This edition, has been substantially revised and updated to reflect progress made in modelling and computational procedures. It also encompasses a comprehensive and unified description of the state-of-the-art of the so-called material distribution method, based on the use of mathematical programming...

We have some time ago noticed that finding a book dealing with topics in the ad- vanced theory and applications of signal detection is not quite an easy matter. This is contrasted with that there are numerous books on the more general subject of de- tection and estimation.Frankly, ourexperience and expertise is only on some partial portions of the theory and recent topics of signal detection. This book is therefore meant to include not all the advanced and interesting topics in the theory and appli- cations ofsignal detection, butjust onlysome subsets of them: some such important and...

In view of its extreme complexity the mathematical description of the mechanical behaviour of granular materials is an extremely difficult task. Today many different models compete with each other. However, the complexity of the models hinders their comparison, and the potential users are confused and, often, disencouraged. This book is expected to serve as a milestone in the present situation, to evaluate the present methodes, to clear up the situation, to focus and encourage for further research activities.

The aim of the book is to present, in a novel and unified fashion, the elements of Mechanics in Material Space or Configurational Mechanics, with applications to fracture and defect mechanics. This mechanics, in contrast to Newtonian mechanics in physical space, is concerned with defects such as cracks and dislocations, which are embedded in the material and might move in it. The level is kept accessible to any engineer, scientist or graduate student possessing some knowledge of calculus and partial differential equations, and working in the various areas where rational use of materials is...

Although the existence of the surface acoustic wave (SAW) was first dis cussed in 1885 by Lord Rayleigh 1], it did not receive engineering interest for a long time. In 1965, the situation changed dramatically. White suggested that SAWs can be excited and detected efficiently by using an interdigital transducer (IDT) placed on a piezoelectric substrate 2]. This is because very fine IDTs can be mass-produced by using photolithography, which has been well developed for semiconductor device fabrication, and proper design of the IDT enables the construction of transversal filters with...

This book presents in self-contained chapters all aspects of third generation mobile communications. The focus is on the international standards "Universal Mobile Telephony Service (UMTS)" and "International Mobile Telephony (IMT 2000)." Special emphasis is placed on the definition and implementation of new services and multimedia applications.