More than 10 years ago, the discovery of cyclin-dependent ki- nases (Cdks) ushered in a new era in the understanding of cell proliferation and its control. Not only were both of the known cell cycle transitions, from G 1 to S phase and G2 to M phase, found to be dependent on these protein kinases, but the reg- ulatory assumption intrinsic to cyclin-dependent kinases, a stable inactive catalytic subunit (the Cdk) and an unstable requisite positive regulatory activating subunit (the cyclin), led to a simple model for cell cycle control. Modulation of cyclin accumulation, and thereby Cdk...
More than 10 years ago, the discovery of cyclin-dependent ki- nases (Cdks) ushered in a new era in the understanding of cell proliferation and its con...
Discovery of the mechanism for V(D)J hypermutation remains a basic goal of immunology despite the best efforts of many labo- ratories. The existence of catalyzed, site-specific mutation and its exploitation for the somatic evolution of lymphocytes are re- markable adaptations, yet since the discovery of hypermutation in 1970 (see cover), much hard work has generated little. Indeed, our knowledge of what is probably absolutely required for the mutator's action can be succinctly expressed: /g gene enhancers. Table 1 of Winter et a .'s chapter puts into a historical perspec- tive how our notions...
Discovery of the mechanism for V(D)J hypermutation remains a basic goal of immunology despite the best efforts of many labo- ratories. The existence o...
Through numerous discussions with colleagues it became apparent that the time was right to begin a series of workshop-like meetings on myeloid tumorigenesis. Myeloid tumors are the nonlymphocytic tumors of the hematopoietic system which include tumors of the neutrophilic, monocytic, erythrocytic, basophilic (mast cell) and megakaryocytic lineages. Pioneering studies in myeloid tumorigenesis were initially made in chickens with the discovery of retroviruses that induce various kinds of myeloid tumors acutely (myelocytomatosis, myeloblastosis, and erythroblastosis). These avian retroviruses...
Through numerous discussions with colleagues it became apparent that the time was right to begin a series of workshop-like meetings on myeloid tumorig...
Many bacteria, such as certain Neisseria and Haemophilus or Escherichia coli, are able to withstand the bactericidal activity of complement and phagocytes. This bacterial self protection is brought about by encapsulation. Bacterial capsules thus enable the pathogenic bacteria to survive in the host by counter- action or evasion of the nonspecific host defense in the early pre immune phase of an infection. It is only in the late immune phase of the infection, when specific anticapsular antibodies are formed and enforce the host's defense system, that this protective action is overcome....
Many bacteria, such as certain Neisseria and Haemophilus or Escherichia coli, are able to withstand the bactericidal activity of complement and phagoc...
Once again the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunologyseries presents a volume with up-to-date review articles on oncogenes. The well-known authority and editor of previous volumes in the series, Dr. Vogt, has accepted five contributions which critically evaluate recent research in the field.
Once again the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunologyseries presents a volume with up-to-date review articles on oncogenes. ...
The great majority of bacterial infections are initiated by the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to cells and mucosal surfaces of the host. The sequela of adhesion may range from the action of toxins outside target cells to their penetration into or through tissue. Besides the consequences of bacterial adhesion related in infection, the result may be colonization of mucosal surfaces with normally harmless bacteria, which in stress situations may become virulent, a phenomenon known as nosocomial infections. With very few exceptions, adhesion is carbohydrate speci- fic. It is mediated by...
The great majority of bacterial infections are initiated by the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to cells and mucosal surfaces of the host. The sequela...
During routine genetic screening of several immunoglobulin heavy chain congenic mouse strains in 1980, one of us (MB) was surprised to find that several mice in the C.B-17IIcr strain, which was being maintained in a specific-pathogen-free facility of the Fox Chase Cancer Center (Philadelphia, PA), did not express serum immunoglobulin of the appropriate allotype. Fearing an error in the breeding of these mice, the sera of the suspect mice were screened for other allotypes. When these tests revealed a complete absence of serum immunoglobulin, it became apparent that a mutation had probably...
During routine genetic screening of several immunoglobulin heavy chain congenic mouse strains in 1980, one of us (MB) was surprised to find that sever...
It has been said that the development of vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases is among the greatest triumphs of immunology. Indeed, several pathogens have lost their horror through the availability of effective vaccination measures. Unfortunately, this does not hold true for the pathogens dealt within this volume. Malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, and tuberculosis together are prevalent in more than 100 countries, and over 400 million persons suffer from these diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that the failure to control these infections in a...
It has been said that the development of vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases is among the greatest triumphs of immunology. Indeed, sever...
Research in diabetes has accelerated in two areas, both of which are being reviewed in CTMI. The first is the use of a variety of animal models; the second is basic research in human investigation, islet cell antigens, and mapping of genes as- sociated with susceptibility to disease. Dr. Thomas Dyrberg accepted editorial responsibility for this volume, which covers the first area. A second book, to be published later in the year, is edited by Drs. Brekkeskov and Hansen (CTMI 164, see page VI for contents). Although the contributors to both volumes represent the international scientific...
Research in diabetes has accelerated in two areas, both of which are being reviewed in CTMI. The first is the use of a variety of animal models; the s...
In the past ten years there has been enormous progress in the development of eukaryotic viral vectors. In general, these vectors have been developed for one of three reasons: to achieve high levels of expression of a particular gene product (poxvirus, baculovirus, and adenovirus), to clone eukaryotic genes in combination with functional assays (Epstein-Barr virus), of for use as delivery vehicles for the stable introduction of foreign genes into mammalian cells (retroviruses, Epstein-Barr virus, and adeno-associated virus). Each vector has its strengths and weaknesses that are rooted in the...
In the past ten years there has been enormous progress in the development of eukaryotic viral vectors. In general, these vectors have been developed f...