Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, and Applications The series will present critical reviews of recent developments in the field of crystal growth, properties, and applications. A substantial portion of the new series will be devoted to the theory, mechanisms, and techniques of crystal growth. Occasionally, clear, concise, complete, and tested instructions fqr growing crystals will be published, particularly in the case of methods and procedures that promise to have general...
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, an...
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, and Applications The series presents critical reviews of recent developments in the field of crystal growth, properties, and applications. A substantial portion of the new series will be devoted to the theory, mechanisms, and techniques of crystal growth. Occasionally, clear, concise, complete, and tested instructions for growing crystals will be published, particularly in the case of methods and procedures that promise to have general...
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, an...
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, and Applications The series presents critical reviews of recent developments in the field of crystal growth, properties, and applications. A substantial portion of the new series will be devoted to the theory, mechanisms, and techniques of crystal growth. Occasionally, clear, concise, complete, and tested instructions for growing crystals will be published, particularly in the case of methods and procedures that promise to have general...
Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, in conjunction with Springer-Verlag New York, is pleased to announce a new series: CRYSTALS Growth, Properties, an...
1.1 Preface Organic chemistry had its origin in chemicals which are synthesized by living cells. These chemicals consist of molecules whose skeletons are built up of carbon atoms. The remaining valences are connected with ligands such as hydrogen, halo gens, -OH, ==O, -NH . Some of the skeletal carbon atoms can be replaced by non 2 metals such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur {"heteroatoms"}. It is characteristic for the living world, not to be in a crystalline state. However it is possible to obtain single crystals from many organic compounds both of natural and synthetic origin. For a number...
1.1 Preface Organic chemistry had its origin in chemicals which are synthesized by living cells. These chemicals consist of molecules whose skeletons ...
Despite the recent progress in developing various microanalytical tools of better spatial resolution and more sensitivity to chemical analyses for the study of various defects in metallic solids the Field-Ion Microscope (FIM) still remains the only instrument up to now to resolve single atoms in the surface of a metal. Fifteen years after Milller ) invented the FIM he was also the first to combine the FIM with a time-of-flight (ToF) mass spectrometer - the so-called Atom-Probe FlM - to identify the chemical nature of single atoms imaged in the FIM2). Originally the motivation to develop the...
Despite the recent progress in developing various microanalytical tools of better spatial resolution and more sensitivity to chemical analyses for the...
In solid state physics and in materials science the investigation of the connection between the properties of solids and their microstructure is of major importance. For crystalline materials this connection is related to the lattice structure, and it can be shown convinc ingly that the material properties depend on deviations from the ideal lattice structure in the majority of cases. For this reason a reliable detection and analysis of defects in "nearly perfect" crystals is necessary, and a sufficient spatial resolution of the methods applied is required. Because electrons on the one hand...
In solid state physics and in materials science the investigation of the connection between the properties of solids and their microstructure is of ma...
In the first contribution to this volume we read that the world-wide production of single crystal silicon amounts to some 2000 metric tons per year. Given the size of present-day silicon-crystals, this number is equivalent to 100000 silicon-crystals grown every year by either the Czochralski (80%) or the floating-zone (20%) technique. But, to the best of my knowledge, no coherent and comprehensive article has been written that deals with "the art and science," as well as the practical and technical aspects of growing silicon crystals by the Czochralski technique. The same could be said about...
In the first contribution to this volume we read that the world-wide production of single crystal silicon amounts to some 2000 metric tons per year. G...
Polytypic crystals of semiconductors, dielectrics and magnetic materials attract an increasing attention in science and technology. On one hand, the phenomenon of polyty pism is one of the fundamental problems of solid-state physics; its solution would make it possible to elucidate- the problem of the interconnection of different structures and intraatomic forces acting in crystals. On the other hand, the polytypic difference in crystals is most strongly expressed in electro-physical properties, which makes their application promising, mainly in semiconductor electronics. Thus, the...
Polytypic crystals of semiconductors, dielectrics and magnetic materials attract an increasing attention in science and technology. On one hand, the p...
The bulk single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. Si, GaAs) and oxides which are at present commercially produced have mostly non-uniform properties in the microscale (e.g. doping striations) and in the macroscale (longitudinal and lateral segregation). Such inhomogeneities are deleterious for the performance of the devices produced from these crystals. This book gives a review of the various origins of inhomogeneities occuring during crystal growth. It is shown that convection is the major source of the non-uniformities in the technically used growth configurations, e.g. Czochralski-, zone-...
The bulk single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. Si, GaAs) and oxides which are at present commercially produced have mostly non-uniform properties in...
