Most scholars consider the birth of modern language testing as a field of study to be the year 1961 with the publication of Robert Lado s book "Language Testing" and John Carroll s chapter Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing . In the decades since it has grown in scope into a deeper and wider theoretical and intellectual field of study. The intellectual growth has come with the birth of psychometrics, specifically, in using statistical analyses for test development and research; with ideas from linguistics, in developing language tests that are communicatively oriented; with...

The field of language policy and planning has evolved over the past half century into a flourishing field of academic inquiry, with identifiable research agendas, methods, and findings. Edited by Thomas Ricento, alongside an editorial advisory group of five leading scholars, this new Routledge collection features all the key articles published, both foundational and critical scholarship, to provide a comprehensive documentary record of a vibrant academic area.

What makes language in the media different from everyday or person-to-person domains is the presence - seen or unseen, human or technical of some intermediary or facilitator, and it is the impact on language by this facilitation or mediation that is the focus of this new 4 volume collection, Language and the Media. Including seminal theoretical articles, case studies, and review articles, the collection will look at language as a means of managing the media audience, will explore language as a topic in the media, and will set out how language is used as a mode of media communication. "

Multimodality is a fast growing area of inquiry as the interest in modes beyond, but always also including language, such as layout, gesture, gaze, or body posture is increasing. A conglomeration of research from various fields interested in examining language as it is embedded in a vast array of other modes, rather than a coherant field of inquiry, this collection will showcase the major achievements in this multidisciplinary field, through the inclusion of theoretically, methodologically and practically important works Topics will range from language studies to education and classroom...

Stylistics is a multidisciplinary and stimulating field of scientific enquiry with an increasingly significant impact on society, especially in cognitive, civic and pedagogical domains. This new four volume collection will showcase the main developments and the major achievements in stylistics. Included will be the most important works that have been at the forefront of stylistic scholarship in the past forty years, and the debates and controversies that have taken place. They will also include key texts on methodology and on models of interpretation that have been developed and will show...

Pronunciation is one of the core areas of linguistics, language teaching and applied linguistics. It is a salient aspect of spoken language and is of widespread interest to researchers because of the window it provides on questions involving spoken language, and to teachers because of its relevance to the immediate concerns of classroom instruction. This new four volume collection will gather the key historical articles and contemporary research in pronunciation to provide a one stop research resource for student and scholar.

Biolinguistics, the study of the relation between humans biology and the properties of the Language Faculty, is an emergent and lively field, and is central to linguistics. It gives rise to lively debates on the origin of language, and the specificity of human language in the animal kingdom as well as the biological basis of the human language capacities. This new four volume collection will assemble important contributions to the field, exploring the foundations of the subject and language development, variation in languages and biology, and complexities in language and biology.

Although there is a long history of research on vocabulary, the vast majority of studies have appeared over the last 30 years. This new reference work will provide a comprehensive source of the most influential findings that will be both a useful starting point for developing knowledge of the field, as well as a valuable database that can be relied upon when researching vocabulary. Comprised of 4 volumes, the collection will cover 4 key areas. Volume 1 will focus on the core issues related to vocabulary knowledge. The focus of volume 2 is on incidental vocabulary learning. Volume 3...