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Liquid transportation through pipelines is one of the power consuming sectors in the oil and gas industries due to the energy losses during flow. Thus, improving the flow in pipelines has become one of the important and strategic needs in modern industrial applications. The energy losses are mainly attributed to drag. The word (drag) may be defined as the resistance force parallel to the direction of fluid flowing over a solid surface. Drag force may be expressed by two components: "skin friction component" which is equal to the stream wise component of all shearing stresses over the surface,...

The concept of drag reduction allows the pipelines to be operated at a lower pressure drop, thus reducing energy consumption and costs while transporting fluids through onshore and offshore pipelines, channels, cooling and heating devices, etc. The objective of drag reduction study is to find a suitable means to reduce the physical force or drag that resists the movement of fluids through transporting media. Drag is identified through pressure drop measurement in piping system. The addition of a small amount of certain chemical additives in transporting system could reduce the drag. These...