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Reducing the energy consumption of available resources is still a problem to be solved in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Many types of existing routing protocols are developed to save power consumption. In these protocols, cluster-based routing protocols are found to be more energy efficient. A cluster head is selected to aggregate the data received from root nodes and forwards these data to the base station in cluster-based routing. The selection of cluster heads should be efficient to save energy. In this book, a detailed discussion of a new routing protocol (AZR-LEACH) is given after a...

Mental retardation or intellectual disability affects about 3% of the general population. One half of it is attributed to genetic factors and is therefore inheritable. Genetic basis of mental retardation is poorly understood. However information revealed from the human genome project has enabled to analyze the genetic determinants that have causative role in the onset of the disease. This book provides a compendium of basic information on the genetic factors that lead to this disability, methodology to screen the causative genetic defects and identification of new causative determinates. This...