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University-industry technology transfer is an important economic activity that leads to significant technological innovation. American research universities annually produce thousands of patents and licenses, hundreds of startups, and multi-billion dollar business activities. Many research universities worldwide follow the suit and struggle to advance their technology transfer programs. Given its significance, understanding the historical and institutional foundations of the original American experience of technology transfer is critical. This book shows how American universities have...

The energy consumption issue in distributed computing systems raises various monetary, environmental and system performance concerns. Electricity consumption in the US doubled from 2000 to 2005. From a financial and environmental standpoint, reducing the consumption of electricity is important, yet these reforms must not lead to performance degradation of the computing systems. These contradicting constraints create a suite of complex problems that need to be resolved in order to lead to 'greener' distributed computing systems. This book brings together a group of outstanding researchers that...

The book comprises a selection of the papers presented at an international conference on "Meaning as Production: The Role of the 'Unwritten'", held in Singapore in 1995. It takes textual analysis beyond the traditional boundaries of literary studies, into a more culturally dynamic field of social semiotics, rhetorical studies, hermeneutics and theories of interpretation. There are also essays that explore the issues with reference to canonical literary texts or authors.