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This book characterizes the major pollution patterns of emerging contaminants, such as sources, emission effluents, temporal and spatial distributions, multi-media transportation and transformation processes, exposure pathways to ecosystems and humans, and ecological risks. Based on this, it establishes an urbanizing region management concept and highlights how urbanization and its regional ecology have evolved into a more integrated vision. It also decouples the relations between urbanization and emissions of emerging pollutants that are framed within a broad socio-ecological context...

Hazardous heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) are the most dangerous contaminants, accumulate in the environment and cause serious damages to ecosystems and human health. Generally, heavy metals are released in to environment through different natural and anthropogenic process and could contaminate the available atmosphere, hydrosphere, upper exosphere (soil) and even biosphere of the earth. Therefore, keeping in view the sources (i.e., natural and anthropogenic) this book was designed to investigate the...