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The book was related to the use of six different botanical extracts i.e. Orange peel (Citrus sinensis), Kortuma (Citrullus colosynthus), Bakain (Melia azadarach), Ak (Calotropis procera), Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Knair (Neirum oleander) on three species of aphid i.e. Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), Bird Cherry Oat Aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and Oleander aphid (Aphis nerii) under laboratory conditions for giving eco-friendly control of these insect pests.Results showed that the maximum percent mortality caused by Citrus and Ak followed by Neem, Bakain, Kortuma and Knair (72.83, 72.83,...

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems provide efficient spectral usage by allowing overlapping in the frequency domain. Additionally, they are highly immune to multipath delay spread. In these systems, modulation and demodulation can be done using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operations, which are computationally efficient. OFDM allows suppression of inter-symbol interference (ISI), provides flexible bandwidth allocation and may increase the capacity in terms of number of users. In this work, we have investigated the performance of...