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Absolute Beginners adopts a variety of approaches to study the Absolute as the ultimate source of knowledge in medieval philosophy. From a historical perspective, it examines a forerunner of Spinoza's departure from the Absolute in the Ethics: the doctrine of God as a first object in the generation of knowledge, as formulated by Henry of Ghent (+1293) and Richard Conington (+1330). Methodologically, it offers a case-study in the construction of an historical object, calling into question the self-evident and spontaneous way in which elements in the history of philosophy - its concepts...

This study is part of a larger project on the primacy of adequacy in the philosophical thought of Duns Scotus. It offers, together with a critical edition, the first attempt at an overall interpretation of the Quaestio de cognitione Dei attributed to Duns Scotus - a text famous for its enhancement of Scotus's conception of metaphysics with the systematic distinction between metaphysics as a science 'in itself' and 'for us'. In line with the theory of science in the Lectura Parisiensis, in which Duns Scotus casts theology as a strictly demonstrative science in the present state (a scientia...

Transcendental unity is a figure of thought of the Latin Middle Ages, which is indebted to Avicenna's renewal of metaphysics and which is wrongly attributed to Aristotle. A specific interpretation of the demonstrable attribute determines the metaphysical reflection on 'the one' and turns it into a transcendental attribute of being. Notwithstanding the variety of epistemic constellations, however, this metaphysical relationship of being and unity always turns out to be a fundamental state of affairs. Transcendental unity identifies as a problem constellation, the principles of which are still...