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This book takes a law and economic approach to examine the securities law enforcement in China and provides an in-depth empirical analysis on the enforcement inputs and outputs. In contrast to previous studies, it systematically collects a large sample of judicated securities fraud cases and public sanctions as disclosed by the listed companies. The enforcement regime is further divided into the private enforcement exemplified by the civil litigation imitated by harmed investors and public enforcement by sanctions proceedings initiated by public agencies.

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Many nonlinear problems in physics, engineering, biology and social sciences can be reduced to finding critical points of functionals. While minimax and Morse theories provide answers to many situations and problems on the existence of multiple critical points of a functional, they often cannot provide much-needed additional properties of these critical points. Sign-changing critical point theory has emerged as a new area of rich research on critical points of a differentiable functional with important applications to nonlinear elliptic PDEs.

Key features of this book: (1)...

Many nonlinear problems in physics, engineering, biology and social sciences can be reduced to finding critical points of functionals. While minimax and Morse theories provide answers to many situations and problems on the existence of multiple critical points of a functional, they often cannot provide much-needed additional properties of these critical points. Sign-changing critical point theory has emerged as a new area of rich research on critical points of a differentiable functional with important applications to nonlinear elliptic PDEs.

Key features of this book: (1)...

Since the birth of the calculus of variations, researchers have discovered that variational methods, when they apply, can obtain better results than most other methods. Moreover, they apply in a very large number of situations. It was realized many years ago that the solutions of a great number of problems are in effect critical points of functionals. Critical Point Theory and Its Applications presents some of the latest research in the area of critical point theory. Researchers have obtained many new results recently using this approach, and in most cases comparable results have not been...

Since the birth of the calculus of variations, researchers have discovered that variational methods, when they apply, can obtain better results than most other methods. Moreover, they apply in a very large number of situations. It was realized many years ago that the solutions of a great number of problems are in effect critical points of functionals. Critical Point Theory and Its Applications presents some of the latest research in the area of critical point theory. Researchers have obtained many new results recently using this approach, and in most cases comparable results have not been...