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Tailored to prepare students for Paper 2 and Paper 4 of the 2019-2021 Cambridge International AS & A Level Economics (9708) examination. The model essays act as revision guides and are specially written as answers to selected past year questions, supported by essay outlines and notes on how students can successfully compose convincing essays.

The book contains over 50 model essays covering each syllabus unit to aid understanding on how to effectively approach essay questions. Each model essay is accompanied by an essay outline that presents a clear essay structure comprising an...

Introduces readers to the world of microwaves, placing emphasis on addressing fundamentals of its interactions with metals and metals-based formulations. This book includes overviews of microwave heating of other non-metal materials and the equipment used for microwave-assisted metallurgy.

Economics: Model Essays is the second edition of the best-selling revision guide that helps students gain a strong grade in the essay component of the 2023-2025 Cambridge International AS%A Level Economics (9708) examination paper. With over 50 new model essays, the book provides a clear essay structure for each essay, various tips, and conceptual diagrams on basic economics concepts to give an overall insight into each subject topic.

This monograph represents a summary of our work in the last two years in applying the method of simulated annealing to the solution of problems that arise in the physical design of VLSI circuits. Our study is experimental in nature, in that we are con- cerned with issues such as solution representations, neighborhood structures, cost functions, approximation schemes, and so on, in order to obtain good design results in a reasonable amount of com- putation time. We hope that our experiences with the techniques we employed, some of which indeed bear certain similarities for different problems,...

This monograph represents a summary of our work in the last two years in applying the method of simulated annealing to the solution of problems that arise in the physical design of VLSI circuits. Our study is experimental in nature, in that we are con cerned with issues such as solution representations, neighborhood structures, cost functions, approximation schemes, and so on, in order to obtain good design results in a reasonable amount of com putation time. We hope that our experiences with the techniques we employed, some of which indeed bear certain similarities for different problems,...