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The protozoan is a unicellular animal, most are very small many are somewhat larger in size. The tissue protozoa are one of the main determinative factors affecting animal health which cause serious economic losses among farm animal industry all over the world, especially at production time. At the same time, the infected animal meat may serve as an important source of infection to man during handling or if consumed undercooked. The protozoa in animal tissue in this review are classified into 1- blood and tissue protozoa (Trypanosoma, Leishmania, Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Neospora, Hammond,...

Skeletal deformities widely occur in both marine and freshwater fishes. Various types of deformities have been reported in different fish species, these include lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis, mandibular deformities, semi-opened operculum, stump body, pug-head, double fins, fin fusion and cross bits. Skeletal deformities occurred due to many causes; chemical, physical and biological. The biological causes include viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Also nutritional causes as phosphorus and vitamin C deficiency, high levels of vitamin A and finally genetic causes. Deformities can be...