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V itoge obobshcheniya literaturnykh i original'nykh materialov provedena sistematizatsiya i analiz vazhneyshikh aspektov geologii kimberlitov. Obsuzhdeny konkuriruyushchie gipotezy po ob"emu termina "kimberlit," klassifikatsii kimberlitovykh porod, printsipam i optimal'nym skhemam rayonirovaniya oblastey proyavleniya kimberlitovogo vulkanizma, strukturnoy pozitsii, usloviyam zaleganiya, vtorichnym izmeneniyam, petrokhimii, differentsiatsii, khronologii vnedreniya, dinamiki, mekhanizmu i energetike protsessov obrazovaniya kimberlitov, faktoram, opredelyayushchim vesovoe soderzhanie i kachestvo...

Na baze kratkogo obobshcheniya materialov po geologii i razmeshcheniyu kim- berlitov sformulirovany osnovnye printsipy vydeleniya i okharakterizovany geneticheskie tipy kimberlitovykh provintsiy. Obsuzhdaetsya vozrast, periodich- nost' i epokhi kimberlitovogo vulkanizma, sinkhronizatsiya ego s fazami tekto- geneza. Dany primery i geneticheskaya interpretatsiya perekrytiya arealov raz- novozrastnykh kimberlitov. Privedeny rezul'taty izucheniya kimberlitov, svidetel'stvuyushchie v pol'zu dreyfa materikov. Spetsial'nye razdely posvya- shcheny sravnitel'nym kharakteristikam geologii, energetiki...

Explosion pipes or diatremes are the result of magmatic gas eruptions. Their peculiar form, piercing contacts, various filling rocks and associated minerals attract the attention of geologists. In addition, they are economically profitable because many contain metalliferous mineralizations or, even more important, they are mined for diamonds. Scientific interest has focussed on the physical parameters such as dynamics, energy release, mechanisms responsible for the formation and filling of diatreme chambers. Geological conditions favorable for localizing explosion pipes are...