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Global biofuel production has been increasing rapidly over the last decade, but the expanding biofuel industry has recently raised important concerns. In particular, the sustainability of many firstgeneration biofuels (primarily from food crops such as grains, sugar cane and vegetable oils) has been increasingly questioned over concerns such as reported displacement of food crops, effects on the environment and climate change.The increasing criticism of the sustainability of many first-generation biofuels has raised attention to the potential of socalled second-generation biofuels.However,...

Les résidus agro-industriels sont d'une grande variété de types, et les technologies de conversion énergétique et les protocoles de traitement les plus appropriés varient d'un type à l'autre. La division la plus importante est celle entre les résidus qui sont principalement secs (comme la paille) et ceux qui sont humides (comme le lisier animal). Ces derniers comprennent les parties des cultures arables qui ne sont pas destinées à être utilisées dans le but premier de produire des denrées alimentaires, des aliments pour animaux ou des fibres. Les résidus des grandes cultures et...

The engineers who create gallon-squeezing tractors use every available method to comply with the ever-tightening fuel-economy standards they must meet. Those solutions may include the use of hybrid powertrains, adopting lightweight materials, cutting aerodynamic drag and minimizing the friction losses of moving parts. To test the working performance of the developed testing setup some tests were conducted on it. The observed data shows consistence rules regarding the effect of inflation pressure and normal load on deflection. However, some general trends were observed similar to observed by...