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Propositional logic allows for description and then solving of a significant class of constraint satisfaction problems, namely those that require that the domains of variables are finite. As such, propositional logic finds applications in describing problems stemming from computer science, computer engineering and combinatorial optimization. But logic goes beyond just providing descriptive means - it is supported by mechanisms for computation of answers. At present there is a class of software systems, SAT solvers, that allow (given enough of resources) for solving problems expressed in...

The publication of the seminal special issue on nonmonotonic logics by the Artificial Intelligence Journal in 1980 resulted in a new area of research in knowledge representation and changed the mainstream paradigm of logic that originated in antiquity. It led to discoveries of connections between logic, knowledge representation and computation, and attracted not only computer scientists but also logicians, mathematicians and philosophers. Nonmonotonic reasoning concerns situations when information is incomplete or uncertain. Thus, conclusions drawn lack iron-clad certainty that comes with...