I. SPATIAL SKILLS, THEIR DEVELOPMENT, AND THEIR LINKS TO MATHEMATICS.............................. 7
Brian N. Verdine, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh–Pasek, and Nora S. Newcombe
II. METHODS FOR LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PRESCHOOL SPATIAL AND MATHEMATICAL SKILLS........ 31
Brian N. Verdine, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh–Pasek, and Nora S. Newcombe
III. RESULTS CONSIDERING THE 2–D AND 3–D TRIALS OF THE TOSA SEPARATELY AND TOGETHER.... 56
Brian N. Verdine, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh–Pasek, and Nora S. Newcombe
IV. RESULTS LINKS BETWEEN SPATIAL ASSEMBLY, LATER SPATIAL SKILLS, AND
CONCURRENT AND LATER MATHEMATICAL SKILLS.................................................................... 71
Brian N. Verdine, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh–Pasek, and Nora S. Newcombe
V. RESULTS INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE FACTORS IN SPATIAL AND MATHEMATICAL SKILLS............... 81
Brian N. Verdine, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh–Pasek, and Nora S. Newcombe
VI. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: HOW EARLY SPATIAL SKILLS PREDICT................................ 89
LATER SPATIAL AND MATHEMATICAL SKILLS
Brian N. Verdine, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff, Kathy Hirsh–Pasek, and Nora S. Newcombe