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The main topic of the book is a review and a comparison of behavioral research methods in the field of visual working memory (VWM) capacity research. After analysis of existing procedures for memory capacity assessment, the author constructed a new formula for VWM capacity estimation. Unlike procedures derived from signal detection theory, this new method estimates VWM capacity directly via percentages of correct answers. After considering a series of theoretical simulations and empirical data obtained on healthy participants, new formula was proven to be more accurate compared to existing...

When an observer looks at a crowd of faces, which face will capture his attention and other cognitive resources? According to the threat hypothesis, he will first locate an angry face in the crowd, because anger signals potential threat, and early detection of threatening stimuli is evolutionary adaptive. On the other hand, the negativity hypothesis proposes that distressing emotional experience of other people effectively attracts attention, even if they do not represent danger (e.g., sad or disgusted expressions), while the emotionality hypothesis presumes that all emotional expressions...