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The permanent canines are the foundation of an esthetic smile and functional occlusion. Factors that interfere with its development and eruption had serious consequences on esthetics, function and stability of stomatognathic system. The orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canine remains a challenge to today's clinicians. The treatment of this clinical entity usually involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the dental arch. Bone loss, root resorption, and gingival recession around the treated teeth are some of the...

Dental care is a field of high priority regarding the risk of infections. Since many carriers are not aware of their infection, it may happen that the dentist meets a patient, in whom an earlier infection can be proven by serology, but the patient is not aware of it and the clinical signs and symptoms are missing, as well.Therefore, responsibilities and methods of sterilizing or disinfecting dental items in dental is important to prevent or reduce the chance of cross-infection of patients and staff.Thus, considerations in selecting cleaning methods and equipment is important as it includes...

Recent advances in orthodontic wire alloys have resulted in a varied array of wires that exhibit a wide spectrum of properties. Up until the 1930s the only orthodontic wires available were made of gold. Austenitic stainless steel, with its greater strength, higher modulus of elasticity, good resistance to corrosion and moderate costs, was introduced as an orthodontic wire in 1929 and shortly afterwards gained popularity over gold. Since then several other alloys with desirable properties have been adapted in orthodontics