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This book presents: • The results of an empirical analysis of the new phenomenon of virtual clusters (VCs), which highlight the dynamics of these emerging innovation networks in the digital economy; the challenges that this dynamics represents for the conventional theories, which are unable to define a comprehensive framework that supports the development of these networks.• An overview of the most significant theoretical approaches to innovation networks, and their rethinking in the digital economy scenario. Following a neo-Schumpeterian approach, a particular focus is on the...

The burgeoning development of catalysis in the last two decades has provided organic chemists with a number of new, powerful tools able to promote fundamental C-C bond forming reactions in a stereoselective fashion. Organocatalysis represents a further advance in this field, allowing scientists to avoid the use of metal containing catalysts which can be more toxic, expensive and sensitive. In particular, simple amino acids such as proline can perform well as enantioselective catalysts for the aldol reaction. The Synthesis of new tripeptides containing the unnatural...