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In This book use for Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs) are widely used to supply critical loads, such as airline computers and life-support systems in hospitals, providing protection against power failure or anomalies of power-line voltage.In general, there are two types of traditional single phase UPSs. The first one couples a battery bank to a half or full-bridge inverter with a low-frequency transformer. In this type of UPSs, the ac output voltage is higher than that of the battery bank; thus, a step-up transformer is required to boost voltage. Due to the presence of the step-up...

In this book use of TCSC and SVC to maximize Available Transfer Capability (ATC) generally defined as the maximum power transfer transaction between a specific power-seller and a power-buyer in a network during normal and contingency cases. ATC is computed using Continuous Power Flow (CPF) method considering both line thermal limit as well as bus voltage limits. Real-code Genetic Algorithm is used as the optimization tool to determine the location as well as the controlling parameter of TCSC or Simultaneously. The performance of the Real-code Genetic Algorithm has been tested on IEEE 14-Bus...

In an alternating current system, if the system is resistive i.e. voltage and current are in phase only real power is transmitted and if there is a time shift between voltage and current both active and reactive power are transmitted. When the average with respect to time is calculated, the average active power exists causing a net flow of energy from one point to another, whereas average reactive power is zero, irrespective of the network or state of the system.This project presents and compares three algorithms based on swarm intelligence and evolutionary techniques for solving the reactive...