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This book contains the definitions of several ring constructions used in various applications. The concept of a groupoid-graded ring includes many of these constructions as special cases and makes it possible to unify the exposition. Recent research results on groupoid-graded rings and more specialized constructions are presented. In addition, there is a chapter containing open problems currently considered in the literature.

Ring Constructions and Applications can serve as an excellent introduction for graduate students to many ring constructions as well as to essential basic concepts of...

This monograph provides a comprehensive and rigorous exposition of the basic concepts and most important modern research results concerning blockchain and its applications. The book includes the required cryptographic fundamentals underpinning the blockchain technology, since understanding of the concepts of cryptography involved in the design of blockchain is necessary for mastering the security guarantees furnished by blockchain. It also contains an introduction to cryptographic primitives, and separate chapters on bitcoin, ethereum and smart contracts, public blockchain, private...

Graph algebras possess the capacity to relate fundamental concepts of computer science, combinatorics, graph theory, operations research, and universal algebra. They are used to identify nontrivial connections across notions, expose conceptual properties, and mediate the application of methods from one area toward questions of the other four. After a concentrated review of the prerequisite mathematical background, Graph Algebras and Automata defines graph algebras and reveals their applicability to automata theory. It proceeds to explore assorted monoids, semigroups, rings, codes, and other...

Many major oil-and-gas fields in USA, Canada, Russia and other countries keep sulphur, oxygen, and nitrogen-containing chemicals along with general hydrocarbon mass. This book describes the scientific basis for isolation and possible utilisation of the lig