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Before the Gold Rush of 1848-1858, Alta (Upper) California was an isolated cattle frontier - and home to a colourful group of Spanish speaking, non-indigenous people known as Californios. Drawing on firsthand contemporary accounts, the author chronicles the rise and fall of Californio men and women.

The Middle Ages in Western Europe extended from roughly 500 to 1500 A.D. During this era, hundreds of monastic communities were founded and played important roles in religious, economic, social, literary and even military realms. Each had different emphases and goals, ranging from aristocratic monasteries and nunneries that offered comfort and security, to rural institutions that specialized only in the most ascetic lifestyles. This book has two ambitious goals. The first is to detail the most significant monastic and secular events of the Middle Ages in Western Europe, such as the fall of...

The U.S.-Mexican War of 1846-1848 remains controversial even today. The California campaigns of this conflict introduce the reader to the Californios (the colorful inhabitants of Alta, or Upper, California); to the American and other adventurers who arrived after them; and to the local Indians, who were always there. The real prize of the war was California. For the Mexican government to go to war against its more powerful northern neighbor was an act of folly. The Californios themselves had only ambiguous loyalties to the central government and only the most minimal military capabilities....

In 1528, the Spanish explorer Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his three companions were shipwrecked and, looking for help, began an eight-year trek through the deserts of the American West. Over three centuries later, the four ""Great Surveys"" in the United States were consolidated into the US Geological Survey.