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Dermal (percutaneous skin) absorption is a global term that describes the transport of chemicals from the outer surface of the skin both into the skin and into the systemic circulation. Dermal absorption can occur from occupational environmental or consumer skin exposure to chemicals cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.

This new volume in the Environmental Health Criteria Series presents an overview of dermal absorption and its consideration in the risk assessment of chemicals. It describes the methods available to assess dermal absorption the significance of skin as a route of...

This new volume in the Environmental Health Criteria series provides a framework for the evaluation of the role of chemical risk factors in the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition to a general introduction to autoimmune mechanisms and clinical expression of autoimmune diseases, a discussion of mechanisms of chemical-associated autoimmune responses precedes information on a range of chemical and other agents.

Animal models and human testing for autoimmune disease and the application of information in risk assessment are presented. This book will be useful to biology and...

The purpose of this book is to assess, evaluate, and give guidance on the role of elemental speciation and speciation analysis in human health hazard and risk assessment. The book is directed at risk assessors and regulators, to emphasize the importance of consideration of speciation in their deliberations. To date, this issue has not been a part of most hazard and risk assessments. Further aims of the publication are to encourage the analysis of speciation of elements to increase knowledge on the effect of speciation on mode of action and to increase understanding of health effects.

This book examines the health effects of exposure to static electric and magnetic fields found in selected industries, such as medical facilities with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), high-energy physics research facilities and some transportation systems. To date, research on their health effects lags far behind the rapid advances in technology.

Electric and magnetic fields are generated by natural phenomena such as the Earth's magnetic field, thunderstorms, and by man-made sources that use electricity. When such fields do not vary with time they are referred to as static.

This book examines the health effects of exposure to static electric and magnetic fields found in selected industries, such as medical facilities with...