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Throughout history, how has the sea served as a site for cross-cultural exchange, trade and migration? As historians, how do the fields of naval history, maritime history and oceanic history intersect? 56 experts, 48 chapters and over 1,700 pages explore how representation and understanding of the sea has developed over 2,500 years of cultural and natural history. Individual volume editors ensure the cohesion of the whole, and to make it as easy as possible to use, chapter titles are identical across each of the volumes. This gives the choice of reading about a specific period in one of...

This volume covers a period when Europeans were making great advances in the production and application of pure knowledge, especially in the fields of navigation and discovery. Thus European powers gained empires around the globe and the benefits that came with them, while the rest of the world had to be content with supplying the raw material (i.e labour, bullion, wood, plants, ore) of these good things. This would not have been possible without navies and trading monopolies, enterprises in which the freedom of the seas was disputed, then gained or lost. The essays in this...

Across the 19th century, maritime globalization expanded at a hitherto unimaginable pace, transforming transport and communications over the seas into oceanic networks at a planetary scale. These networks shaped culture in its most expansive sense, affecting seafaring, warfare, empire, commerce, communications, passenger travel, leisure and science. Authors recover the sea experience of people and groups entangled with and yet neglected in an earlier generation of maritime history focused on conquest, empire, and knowledge. Thus, across a century when Britannia nominally ruled...

The sea is omnipresent in the ancient cultures of the Mediterranean basin. It is an inexhaustible source of food, but also a well-traveled roadway and a means to communicate, trade with, or wage war against one's neighbors. Perhaps because these practical meanings of the sea were so deeply embedded in daily life, the sea also had a profound religious and symbolic significance for ancient people, from the worship of sea-deities by anxious mariners to the creation of intricate literary devices based on 'the wine-dark sea' and concepts such as insularity. People even imagined that,...

For the first time during the Early Modern period, ships regularly traveled between and among all of basins that comprise the World Ocean. During this period European mariners ventured into new waters, where they encountered new trading partners, new environments, and new opportunities. In the Caribbean and Atlantic coast of the Americas, European mariners sought everything from pearls to gold to codfish, and in pursuing these resources they fractured Indigenous communities. Entering into the ancient monsoon routes of the Indian Ocean brought European ships in touch with the...

In 1972 an image became an icon: 'Blue Marble', a photograph of the Earth as seen from outer space. The picture features prominently the globe's water-covered surface. The ocean connects nature and culture in the modern world. Within the time-span of 100 years, the sea changed its cultural meaning, from a dangerous place to an endangered environment. This volume traces diverse processes of oceanic transformation in the Anthropocene: it follows scientists, seafarers, diplomats and filmmakers from ship-decks to the arenas of political decision making on land. The essays lead...

The cultural history of the sea during the Middle Ages is a young and dynamic field. Born only recently in the literary criticism of European sources, this innovative volume pushes out beyond this European heartland to explore the shape and potential of a cultural history of the sea constructed also from global literatures and oral traditions, and from material things. The chapters in this volume bring together the perspectives and expertise of archaeologists, historians and literary historians with a core focus on Afro-Eurasia and its encircling seas. Topics explored include: ...

The newest volume in the Oxford History of the United States series, The Republic for Which It Stands argues that the Gilded Age, along with Reconstruction-its conflicts, rapid and disorienting change, hopes and fears-formed the template of American modernity.