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Meeting the need for teaching material suitable for students of atmospheric science and courses on atmospheric radiation, this textbook covers the fundamentals of emission, absorption, and scattering of electromagnetic radiation from ultraviolet to infrared and beyond. Much of the contents applies to planetary atmosphere, with graded discussions providing a thorough treatment of subjects, including single scattering by particles at different levels of complexity. The discussion of the simple multiple scattering theory introduces concepts in more advanced theories, such that the more...

The Handbook of Distance Education, 4th Edition is a comprehensive compendium of research in the field of distance education. The volume is divided into four sections covering the historical and theoretical foundations of distance education, attributes of teaching and learning using technology, management and administration, and different audiences and providers. Throughout, leading scholars address future research needs and directions based on current research, established practices, and recent changes to implementation, pedagogy, and policy.

This self-contained book is a systematic introduction to smooth ergodic theory. The topics discussed include: the general (abstract) theory of Lyapunov exponents and its applications to the stability theory of differential equations; stable manifold theory; absolute continuity; and the ergodic theory of dynamical systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents (including geodesic flows). The authors consider several nontrivial examples of dynamical systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents to illustrate some basic methods and ideas of the theory. The reader needs a basic knowledge of real analysis,...