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The primary objective of this book is to delve into how institutional and individual stock investors can evaluate portfolio performance through a typical assessment of the endowment fund of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria's premier university, as an institutional investor, over an evaluation period of five years, relative to a benchmark portfolio. This is in line with the modern portfolio theory of Harry Markowitz (1952), a Nobel Prize winner in 1990. The book begins with an introduction in chapter one. Chapter two is a synthesis of what constitutes the modern portfolio theory as well as of...

The book is written with the objective of automating the audit decision in detecting variations or exceptional data between the current and preceding month in payroll processing, using an Expert System. Expert systems are in the category of Artificial Intelligence (AI) application. They are now in the class of electronic spreadsheets and are commercially available and affordable having been in existence since the 1970s. The necessary steps to the development of an expert system have been covered. The payroll audit decision expert system is therefore highly commended to Auditors or Accountants...