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Cellulose Science and Technology: Chemistry, Analysis, and Applications
ISBN-13: 9781119217589 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 480 str.
Cellulose Science and Technology: Chemistry, Analysis, and Applications
ISBN-13: 9781119217589 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 480 str.
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This book addresses both classic concepts and state-of-the-art technologies surrounding cellulose science and technology. Integrating nanoscience and applications in materials, energy, biotechnology, and more, the book appeals broadly to students and researchers in chemistry, materials, energy, and environmental science.
- Includes contributions from leading cellulose scientists worldwide, with five Anselm Payen Cellulose Award winners and two Hayashi Jisuke Cellulose Award winners
- Deals with a highly applicable and timely topic, considering the current activities in the fields of bioeconomies, biorefineries, and biomass utilization
- Maximizes readership by combining fundamental science and application development
1 Aminocelluloses polymers with fascinating properties and application potential
Thomas Heinze, Thomas Elschner and Kristin Gankse
1.1 Introduction
2 Amino–/ammonium group containing cellulose esters
2.1 (3–Carboxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride esters of cellulose
2.2 Cellulose–4–(N–methylamino)butyrate (CMABC)
3 6–Deoxy–6–amino cellulose derivatives
3.1 Spontaneous self–assembling of 6–deoxy–6–amino cellulose derivatives
3.2 Application potential of 6–deoxy–6–amino cellulose derivatives
4 Amino cellulose carbamates
4.1 Synthesis
4.2 Properties
References
2 Preparation of photosensitizer–bound cellulose derivatives for photocurrent generation system
Toshiyuki Takano
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Porphyrin–bound cellulose derivatives [1–3]
2.3 Phthalocyanine–bound cellulose derivatives [4, 5]
2.4 Squaraine–bound cellulose derivative [6]
2.5 Ruthenium(II) complex–bound cellulose derivative [7]
2.6 Fullerene–bound cellulose derivative [8]
2.7 Porphyrin–bound chitosan derivative [11]
2.8 Conclusions
References
3 Synthesis of cellulosic bottlebrushes with regioselectively substituted side chains and their self–assembly
K. Sakakibara, Y. Kinose and Y. Tsujii
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Strategy for accomplishing regioselective grafting of cellulose
3.3 Regioselective introduction of the first polymer side chain
3.3.1 Introduction of poly(styrene) at O–2, 3 position of 6–O–p–methoxytritylcellulose (1)
3.3.2 Introduction of poly(ethylene oxide) at O–2, 3 position of 6–O–p–methoxytritylcellulose (1)
3.4 Regioselective introduction of the second polymer side chain
3.4.1 Introduction of poly(styrene) at O–6 position of 2,3–di–O–PEO cellulose (5) via grafting–from approach
3.4.2 Introduction of poly(styrene) at O–6 position of 2,3–di–O–PEO cellulose (5) via grafting to approach combining click reaction
3.5 SEC–MALS study
3.5 Summary and Outlook
References
4 Recent Progress on Oxygen Delignification of Softwood Kraft pulp
Adriaan, R. P. van Heiningen1, Yun Ji and Vahid Jafari
4.1 Introduction and state of the art of commercial oxygen delignification
4.2 Chemistry of delignification and cellulose degradation
4.3 Improving the reactivity of residual lignin
4.4 Improving delignification/cellulose degradation selectivity during oxygen delignification
4.5 Improving pulp yield by using oxygen delignification
4.6 Practical Implementation of High Kappa Oxygen Delignification
References
5 Towards a better understanding of cellulose swelling, dissolution and regeneration on the molecular level
Thomas Rosenau, Antje Potthast, Andreas Hofinger, Markus Bacher, Yuko Yoneda, Kurt Mereiter, Fumiaki Nakatsubo, Christian Jäger, Alfred D. French and Kanji Kajiwara
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results and discussion
5.2.1 The viewpoint of cellulose
5.2.2 The viewpoint of cellulose solvents
5.3 Conclusions
References
6 Interaction of Water Molecules with Carboxyalkyl Cellulose
H. Miyamoto, K. Sakakibara, I. Wataoka, Y. Tsujii, C. Yamane and K. Kajiwara
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and carboxyethyl cellulose (CEC)
6.3 DSC (differential scanning calorimetry)
6.4 Small–angle X–ray scattering (SAXS)
6.5 Molecular dynamics
6.6 Chemical modification and biodegradability
References
7 Analysis of the substituent distribution in cellulose ethers recent contributions
Petra Mischnick
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methyl cellulose
7.2.1 Average DS and methyl pattern in the glucosyl unit
7.2.2 Distribution along and over the chain
7.2.3 Summary
7.3 Hydroxalkylmethyl celluloses
7.3.1 Hydroxyethylmethyl celluloses
7.3.2 Hydroxypropylmethyl celluloses
7.3.3 Summary
7.4 Carboxymethyl cellulose
7.5 Outlook
References
8 Adhesive mixtures as sacrificial substrates in paper aging
Irina Sulaeva, Ute Henniges, Thomas Rosenau and Antje Potthast
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Chemicals
8.2.2 Preparation of adhesive mixtures and films from individual components
8.2.3 Preparation of coated paper samples
8.2.4 Accelerated heat–induced aging
8.2.5 GPC analysis
8.2.6 Contact angle measurements
8.2.7 Analysis of paper brightness
8.3 Results and discussion
8.3.1 GPC analysis of adhesive mixtures and individual components
8.3.2 Molar mass analysis of paper samples
8.3.3 Contact angle analysis
8.3.4 UV/Vis measurements of paper brightness
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Solution–State NMR Analysis of Lignocellulosics in Non–Derivatizing Solvents
Ashley J. Holding, Alistair W. T. King and Ilkka Kilpeläinen
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Solution–State 2D NMR of Lignocellulose and Whole Biomass
9.3 Solution State 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy of Cellulose and Pulp
9.4 Solution–State NMR Spectroscopy of Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose
9.5 Solution state 31P NMR spectroscopy and Quantification of Hydroxyl Groups
9.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
10 Surface chemistry and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals
Samuel Eyley, Christina Schütz and Wim Thielemans
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Cellulose nanocrystals
10.3 Morphological and structural characterization
10.3.1 Microscopy
10.3.2 Small angle scattering
10.3.3 Powder X–ray di raction
10.3.4 Solid state NMR spectroscopy
10.4 Chemical characterization
10.4.1 Infrared spectroscopy
10.4.2 Elemental analysis
10.4.3 X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy
10.4.4 Other methods
10.5 Conclusion
References
11 Some comments on chiral structures from cellulose
Derek G. Gray
11.1 Chirality and cellulose nanocrystals
11.2 Can CNC form nematic or smectic ordered materials?
11.3 Why do some CNC films not display iridescent colours?
11.4 Is there any pattern to the observed expressions of chirality at length scales from the molecular to the macroscopic?
References
12 Supramolecular aspects of native cellulose: fringed–fibrillar model, levelling–off degree of polymerization and production of cellulose nanocrystals
Eero Kontturi
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Fringed–fibrillar model: crystallographic, spectroscopic, and microscopic evidence
12.3 Leveling–off degree of polymerization (LODP)
12.4 Preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)
12.5 Conclusions
References
13 Cellulose Nanofibrils: From Hydrogels to Aerogels
Marco Beaumont, Antje Potthast and Thomas Rosenau
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Cellulose nanofibrils
13.3 Hydrogels
13.3.1 Cellulose nanofibrils
13.3.2 Composites
13.3.3 Modification
13.4 Aerogels
13.4.1 Drying of solvogels
13.4.2 Mechanical properties
13.4.3 Conductive aerogels
13.4.4 Hydrophobic aerogels and superabsorbents
13.4.5 Other applications
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 High–performance lignocellulosic fibers spun from ionic liquid solution
Michael Hummel, Anne Michud, Yibo Ma, Annariikka Roselli, Agnes Stepan, Sanna Hellstén, Shirin Asaadi and Herbert Sixta
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Materials and Methods
14.2.1 Pulp dissolution and filtration
14.2.2 Rheological measurements
14.2.3 Chemical composition analysis
14.2.4 Molar mass distribution analysis
14.2.5 Fiber spinning
14.2.6 Mechanical analysis of fibers
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.3.1 Lignocellulosic solutes
14.3.2 Rheological properties
14.3.3 Fiber spinning
14.3.4 Fiber properties
14.3.5 Summary of the influence of non–cellulosic constituents on the fiber properties
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 Bio–based aerogels: a new generation of thermal super–insulating materials
Tatiana Budtova
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Cellulose I based aerogels and their composites
15.3 Cellulose II based aerogels and their composites
15.4 Pectin based aerogels and their composites
15.5 Starch based aerogels
15.6 Alginate aerogels
15.7 Conclusions and prospects
References
16 Nanocelluloses at the Oil–Water Interface: Emulsions toward Function and Material Development
Siqi Huan, Mariko Ago, Maryam Borghei and Orlando J. Rojas
16.1 Cellulose nanocrystal properties in the stabilization of O/W interfaces
16.2 Surfactant–free emulsions
16.3 Emulsions stabilized with modified nanocelluloses
16.4 Surfactant–assisted emulsions
16.5 Emulsions with polymer co–emulsifiers
16.6 Double emulsions
16.7 Emulsion or emulsion–precursor systems with stimuli–responsive behavior
16.8 Closing Remarks
References
17 Honeycomb–patterned cellulose as a promising tool to investigate wood cell wall formation and deformation
Yasumitsu Uraki, Liang Zhou, Qiang Li, Teuku Beuna Bardant and Keiichi Koda
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Theory of honeycomb deformation
17.3 HPRC with cellulose II polymorphism and their tensile strength
17.4 Validity of deformation models
17.5 Deposition of wood cell wall components on the film of HPBC film
References
Thomas Rosenau, PhD, is a professor at BOKU University Vienna, holding the Chair of Wood, Pulp and Fiber Chemistry and heading both the Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources and the Austrian Biorefinery Center Tulln.
Antje Potthast, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Chemistry and is the deputy head of both the Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources and the Austrian Biorefinery Center Tulln.
Johannes Hell, PhD, is a technical manager at a Viennese chocolate factory.
The field of renewable resources is burgeoning today more than ever. Thus, cellulose science is one of the most scientifically active research fields today in the framework of bioeconomy trends and related fields of biorefineries and biomass utilization.
Cellulose Science and Technology: Chemistry, Analysis, and Applications addresses concepts and novel developments in the rapidly evolving field of cellulose chemistry, providing an emphasis on the fundamental aspects of nanocellulose and microfibrillated cellulose. Featuring contributions from leading cellulose scientists worldwide, the book describes current attempts to provide and widen the scope of applications of cellulosics in biomass utilization and biomaterial production.
The authors address three main topics (chemistry, analysis, and novel applications of cellulosic materials) and provide a panoramic snapshot of state–of–the–art cellulose research. Integrating nanoscience and applications in materials, energy, biotechnology, and more, the book appeals broadly to students and researchers in chemistry, materials, energy, and environmental science.
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