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For thousands of years, Western culture has dichotomized science and art, empiricism and subjective experience, and biology and psychology. In contrast with the prevailing view in philosophy, neuroscience, and literary criticism, George Engel, an internist and practicing physician, published a paper in the journal Science in 1977 entitled -The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine.- In the context of clinical medicine, Engel made the deceptively simple observation that actions at the biological, psychological, and social level are dynamically interrelated and that these...

Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by Phytophthora ramorum, was first discovered in Oregon forests by aerial survey in July 2001. Since then an interagency team has been working with landowners to eradicate the pathogen by cutting and burning all infected and nearby host plants. The Oregon SOD program now consists of the following elements: early detection; delimitation of infested areas; treatment; research and monitoring; and host reduction in areas of probable disease spread. The Sudden Oak Death Fourth Science Symposium provided a forum for current research on sudden oak death. Ninety...