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Sleep and wakefulness are behavioral and physiological activities. Sleep has been defined as a reversible behavioral state of perceptual disengagement from and unresponsiveness to the environment. It is a modified form of the basic rest activity cycle. According to the American Psychiatric Association, sleep disorders are major disturbances of normal sleep patterns that lead to distress and disrupt functioning during the day (APA, 2000). Not only are sleep disorders extremely common, affecting virtually everyone at some point in their lives, but they can also lead to serious stress and other...

Leishmaniasis is prevalent through out the tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Mediterranean, Southern Europe (old world) and South and Central America (new world). It is estimated that approximately 12 million people are currently infected and a further 367 million are at risk of acquiring Leishmaniasis in 88 countries, 72 of which are developing countries and 16 of them are among the least developed in the world. The estimated incidence is 2 million new cases each year of which 0.5 million are of VL and 1.5 million are of CL. Immune system plays an important role in...