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FEM is a powerful contemporary research tool that has been used to study the stress distribution of non living as well as natural and restored craniofacial structures affected by three dimensional stress fields, which are difficult to assess otherwise. The three dimensional FEM used in the present study provides the freedom to simulate orthodontic force systems applied clinically and allows analysis of the response of the craniofacial skeleton to the orthodontic loads in three dimensional space. The FE analysis has the following advantages: it is a non invasive technique; the actual amount of...

Deep overbite is a common form of malocclusion that may be addressed in many ways, including posterior extrusion, anterior intrusion, and incisor flaring. The specific approach to bite opening should be selected based on each patient's needs. Soft tissue, crown-gingival relations, occlusal plane, and skeleton facial concerns are among the special considerations for treatment planning for deep overbite correction. Selecting the method and mechanism of bite opening based on these considerations affords the opportunity to deliver goal-oriented treatment. Understanding the biomechanics of the...

The following conclusions are drawn from this comparative in-vitro study on the shear bond strength and debonding characters of Transbond XT, Esthet-X Flow and Filtek Z-350 using metal brackets Filtek Z-350 has a comparable mean bond strength value (11.07+/-1.03 MPa) like that of Transbond XT (11.58+/-1.3 MPa). Esthet-X Flow has slightly lower mean bond strength value (10.70+/-2.0 MPa) compared Filtek Z-350 and Transbond XT. All the three adhesives exhibited clinically acceptable bond strength. 60-70% of all the three adhesives exhibited cohesive type of bond failure. The efficacy of the...