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A comparative study of what the most influential writers of Ancient Greece and China thought it meant to have knowledge and whether they distinguished knowledge from other forms of wisdom. It surveys selected works of poetry, history and philosophy from the period of roughly the eighth through to the second century BCE, including Homer's "Odyssey," the ancient Chinese "Classic of Poetry," Thucydides' "History of the Peloponnesian War," Sima Qian's "Records of the Historian," Plato's "Symposium," and Laozi's "Dao de Jing and the writings of Zhuangzi." The intention, through such...

The "classical," Steven Shankman argues, should not be confused with a particular historical period of Western antiquity, although it may owe its original articulation to the literary and philosophical explorations of ancient Greek authors. Shankman's book searches for and attempts to formulate the shape of the continuing presence--as embodied in particular literary works mainly from Western antiquity and the neoclassical and modern periods--of what the author calls a "classical" understanding of literature.

For Shankman, literature, defined from a classical perspective, is a...