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The Culture of Love interprets the sweeping change in loving that spanned a period when scientific discoveries reduced the terrors and dangers of sex, when new laws gave married women control over their earnings and their bodies, when bold novelists and artists shook off the prudishness and hypocrisy that so paralyzed the Victorians. As public opinion, family pressure, and religious conviction loosened, men and women took charge of their love. Stephen Kern argues that, in contrast to modern sex, Victorian sex was anatomically constricted, spatially confined, morally suspect, deadly...

This pioneering work is the first to trace how our understanding of the causes of human behavior has changed radically over the course of European and American cultural history since 1830. Focusing on the act of murder, as documented vividly by more than a hundred novels including Crime and Punishment, An American Tragedy, The Trial, and Lolita, Stephen Kern devotes each chapter of A Cultural History of Causality to examining a specific causal factor or motive for murder--ancestry, childhood, language, sexuality, emotion, mind, society, and ideology. In addition to...

Stephen Kern has discovered in Pre-Raphaelite and impressionist art a recurring pattern for arranging the sexes: a profiled man gazing at a woman who looks away from him and toward the viewer, while she ponders an apparent offer. Kern draws on such images to challenge the claim of some feminist critics and historians that gazing men monopolize subjectivity and turn women into sex objects. So intent are these writers on viewing women as victims, who in fact reveal a commanding subjectivity. Compared with the eyes of men, women's eyes are more visible, consider more varied thoughts, and...

Modernism After the Death of God: Christianity, Fragmentation, and Unification explores the writing and philosophy of some of the most important and influential modernist figures. This ground-breaking work is an interpretation of the life and work of Friedrich Nietzsche, James Joyce, Sigmund Freud, D. H. Lawrence, Andre Gide, Martin Heidegger and Virginia Woolf that shows how each related to and　forcefully turned against　Christianity in large part because they believed that Christian sexual morality had damaged or threatened to damage their love life. It also challenges the...

Modernism After the Death of God: Christianity, Fragmentation, and Unification explores the writing and philosophy of some of the most important and influential modernist figures. This ground-breaking work is an interpretation of the life and work of Friedrich Nietzsche, James Joyce, Sigmund Freud, D. H. Lawrence, Andre Gide, Martin Heidegger and Virginia Woolf that shows how each related to and　forcefully turned against　Christianity in large part because they believed that Christian sexual morality had damaged or threatened to damage their love life. It also challenges the...