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Fishes are very successful vertebrates and have adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions, from the deep ocean to the smallest brook or pond. The physiological background to these environmental adaptations is, obviously, far from clear, and provides fish physiologists with many challenges. The number of extant fish species has been estimated to be in excess of 20000, and only relatively few of these have been subject to physiological studies. Yet among these animals can be found many physiological systems different from those of the land-dwelling vertebrates, and also systems...

This book describes how the liver executes and coordinates numerous physiological processes including metabolism, innate immunity, blood coagulation, bile secretion, and our symbiotic relation with the gut microbiome. It places the functions in clinical contexts, such as the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease and metabolic (obesity) associated liver disease. It describes how in severe catabolic diseases such as cancer and sepsis, the liver redistributes bodily resources to increase chances of survival and recovery, and how the liver exemplifies many of the effects of diet and...