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In June/July 2008 the Institute for Geoinformation and Cartography at the Vienna University of Technology organized a scientific colloquium in this city, where 15 well-known scientists presented their ideas on research for the upcoming decade. This book contains papers prepared by the participants as well as by other researchers. The eighteen papers in this book reflect the opinion of a core group of Geoinformation scientists about future research topics. Dealing with these topics poses multiple research questions for the coming years

Nature-inspired algorithms have become popular because many real-world optimization problems have become increasingly large, complex and dynamic. This book covers the latest algorithms and important studies for tackling various kinds of optimization problems.

Media Space: 20+ Years of Mediated Life is loosely divided into three different, but interconnected, approaches to media space research. Each part opens with an introduction that lays out how readers can best approach the book, and provides a basic guide to the theory and research literature, technological developments and other notable events to help contextualize the book. The 'social ' approach uses the rhetoric and methods familiar to a CSCW audience, but moves into actual situations that involve close working bonds, broken trust, shared joy, community building, interpersonal tension,...

The continuing development of various therapies to treat cancerous tumors has forced surgeons to reevaluate the role of radical surgery. This book explores how surgery, coupled with these therapies, can improve outcomes for patients with tumoral disease.

Organotin compounds, used as antifouling biocides since 1960, are chemical compounds that act as endocrine disrupters. It is not known how organotin compounds cause hormone disturbance, however, and many questions remain about their effect on aquatic organisms. Studies on organotin compounds have recently evolved, with many new findings reported. Following a worldwide ban on organotin compounds in 2008, alternative compounds will mainly be used, with the potential for coastal areas to become contaminated, causing, among other effects, cholinesterase inhibition in aquatic organisms. Use of...

Climate change is affecting the Arctic environment and ecosystems at an accelerating speed, twice the rate of the global average. This is opening the Arctic to transportation and resource development and creating serious challenges for local communities and indigenous peoples.

Climate Governance in the Arctic considers two aspects of climate change from an institutional perspective. It focuses on how relevant regimes, institutions and governance systems support mitigation of climate change. It also examines the extent to which the varying governance arrangements in...

Power Electronics in Smart Electrical Energy Networks introduces a new viewpoint on power electronics, re-thinking the basic philosophy governing electricity distribution systems. The proposed concept fully exploits the potential advantages of renewable energy sources and distributed generation (DG), which should not only be connected but also fully integrated into the distribution system in order to increase the efficiency, flexibility, safety, reliability and quality of the electricity and the networks. The transformation of current electricity grids into smart (resilient and...

Grids are a crucial enabling technology for scientific and industrial development. Grid and Services Evolution, the 11^th edited volume of the CoreGRID series, was based on The CoreGRID Middleware Workshop, held in Barcelona, Spain, June 5-6, 2008.

Grid and Services Evolution provides a bridge between the application community and the developers of middleware services, especially in terms of parallel computing. This edited volume brings together a critical mass of well-established researchers worldwide, from forty-two institutions active...

The book is the first pioneering study to assess the impacts of the megaconferences on water policies, programmes and projects at global, regional and national levels. The results are bleak. The evaluation indicated that except for the UN Water Conference, held in Argentina in 1977, the impacts of the subsequent megaconferences have been at best marginal in terms of knowledge generation and synthesis, poverty alleviation, and/or environmental conservation.