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Over the last decade a number of research areas have contributed to the concept of advanced intelligent environments, these include ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing, embedded intelligence, intelligent user interfaces, human factors, intelligent buildings, mobile communications, domestic robots, intelligent sensors, artistic and architectural design and ambient intelligence. Undeniably, multimodal spoken language dialogue interaction is a key factor in ensuring natural interaction and therefore of particular interest for advanced intelligent environments. It will therefore...

Nature has long used nucleic acid aptamers and enzymes for regulatory activities, such as the recently discovered riboswitches involved in gene expression. The existence of a large array of natural and artificial functional nucleic acids has generated tremendous enthusiasm and new opportunities for molecular scientists from diverse disciplines to devise new concepts and real applications that take advantage of those nucleic acids for sensing and other analytical applications. This book provides a timely and comprehensive overview of recent advances in the field, from leading experts in...

Paul Williams, a leading authority on modeling in integer programming, has written a concise, readable introduction to the science and art of using modeling in logic for integer programming. Written for graduate and postgraduate students, as well as academics and practitioners, the book is divided into four chapters that all avoid the typical format of definitions, theorems and proofs and instead introduce concepts and results within the text through examples. References are given at the end of each chapter to the more mathematical papers and texts on the subject, and exercises are...

Non Destructive Testing and Non Destructive Evaluation using Ultrasounds covers an important field of applications and requires a wide range of fundamental theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations. In the present volume, the reader will find some relevant research results on wave propagation in complex materials and structures which are concerned with today s problems on composites, bonding, guided waves, contact or damage, imaging and structural noise. The fifth meeting of the Anglo-French Research Group on "Wave propagation in non homogeneous media with a view to Non...

Tensegrity Systems discusses analytical tools to design energy efficient and lightweight structures employing the concept of tensegrity. This word is Buckminister Fuller's contraction of the words Tensile and Integrity, which suggests that integrity or, as we would say, stability of the structure comes from tension. In a tensegrity structure the rigid bodies (the bars) might not have any contact, thus providing extraordinary freedom to control shape, by controlling only tendons. This book will provide both static and dynamic analysis of special tensegrity structural concepts, which are...

Nelson Goodman s disparate writings are often written about only within their own particular discipline, such that the epistemology is discussed in contrast to others epistemology, the aesthetics is contrasted with more traditional aesthetics, and the ontology and logic is viewed in contrast to both other contemporary philosophers and to Goodman s historical predecessors. This book argues that that is not an adequate way to view Goodman. The separate disciplines of ontology, epistemology, and aesthetics should be viewed as sequential steps within his thought, such that each provides the...

The book project was launched to access the latest research related to chaos applications in intelligent computing where researchers from all over the world provide the necessary coverage of the mentioned field. The primary objective of this project was to assemble as much research coverage as possible related to the field by defining the latest innovative technologies and providing the most comprehensive list of research references. The coverage of this book provides strength to this reference resource for both researchers and also decision makers in obtaining a greater understanding of...

The perspectives and techniques used in human-computer interaction design, practice and research are broadening. This book looks at emerging approaches which are likely to contribute to the discipline in near future. The underlying idea is that human character rather than technology should determine the nature of interaction. The concept of "interaction design" covers this range of concerns relevant to enabling quality design. Each chapter emphasizes alternative perspectives on interaction and new concepts to help researchers and practitioners relate to alternative design approaches and...

The Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) is a typical inductive modeling method that is built on principles of self-organization for modeling complex systems. This book clearly presents hybrids of some computational intelligence techniques and GMDH approach.

Edible films and coatings play an important role in the quality, safety, transportation, storage, and display of a wide range of fresh and processed foods. Edible films and coatings, while preventing moisture loss and maintaining quality, prevent spoilage and microbial contamination of foods.

The edible film and coating industry is now a multimillion dollar industry. Less than $1 million in 1999, the market has grown to more than $100 million and is expected to grow to $350 million by 2008, according to James Rossman of Rossman Consulting. Pharmaceutical and consumer...

Pain is a common symptom, yet it is frequently underevaluated and undertreated. It is difficult to define, describe and sometimes to prove. It s pain, and suspicions of exaggerations often add further insult to a patients injuries. Biobehavioral Approaches to Pain translates this highly subjective experience and its physical, psychological, social, and cultural dimensions into practical insights key to transforming the field of pain management.

This pathbreaking volume synthesizes a rich knowledge base from across disciplines, including neurobiologic, genetic,...