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This book investigates how Europe has evolved from a theocratic culture to a contemporary nation-state structure. It examines how the Renaissance affected European society, as well as its economy, political system, and culture, resulting in new nation-states and ideologies and culminating in the French Revolution. Beginning in Italy around 1300, the Renaissance evolved into a time of literary, artistic, and intellectual blossoming that challenged the medieval worldview. Martin Luther’s protests against the Catholic Church in 1517 marked the beginning of the Reformation. The Scientific...

Tracing the development of Soviet strategic doctrine over a span of seventy years, from the Frunze-Trotsky debate to the Gorbachev era, the author draws on the available resources to vividly narrate the Soviet security policy. The focus of the book is the main emphasis of the post-war period when there was a marked tension between the Party and the military, especially during the period from Khrushchev to Brezhnev. The author assesses the restructuring of the strategic regime during the Gorbachev period to show the moral pressure put on the West by the moral posturing of the Soviets beginning...