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Biotechnology has achieved the rare feat of combining all living organism - plants, animals and microorganisms, into a single gene pool. Genes can now be transferred across phylogenetic boundaries giving man unlimited power to tailor them to his choice. This has made biotechnology indispensable in such diverse fields as industry, medicine, forestry, and environmental management. Yet we say that we have the technology to manipulate genes, we can engineer genes. True it is in very limited sense. This book is primarily aimed to cover information on principles, tools, techniques, and applications...

Dental caries is a multifactorial microbial disease of the tooth and is one of the most common health problems. Saliva, a complex mixture of fluids is secreted by the major and minor salivary glands that surrounds the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity that is composed of organic and inorganic components. Saliva is one of the intraoral host factors that influence caries development. Salivary components, its flow, viscosity, buffering capacity, etc., play a major role in the prevention, initiation and progression of the disease. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages...