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Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has revolutionized the calculus treatment, but it also produces acute renal injury. If the stone is larger than 20 mm or located in anatomically difficult locations, SWL is poor and even fails. This work aims to increase stone fragmentation while reducing simultaneously the propensity of injury in SWL. First, large intraluminal bubble expansion was found to constitute a mechanism of SWL-induced vascular injury. In situ pulse superposition technique was then developed by fitting an insert with the lithotripter reflector. It could significantly reduce the propensity...

Do you have the tools to address recent challenges and problems in modern computer networks? Discover a unified view of auction theoretic applications and develop auction models, solution concepts, and algorithms with this multidisciplinary review. Devise distributed, dynamic, and adaptive algorithms for ensuring robust network operation over time-varying and heterogeneous environments, and for optimizing decisions about services, resource allocation, and usage of all network entities. Topics including cloud networking models, MIMO, mmWave communications, 5G, data aggregation, task...